FORMICARINiE. 



1. G. varia (Bodd.) PI. enl, 702.— Turdus rex Gmel. ; T. 

 grallaria Lath. ; Grallaria fusca Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 134. 



2. G. ruficapilla Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 333. 



3. G. imperator Natt. 



4. G. squamigera Fl. Prev. Voy. de la Venus, Oist. t. 3. 



5. G. guatimalensis Fl. Prev. Voy. de la Venus, Ois. t. 4 



6. G. brevicauda (Bodd.) PI. enl. 706. f. 1. — Turdus tinniens 

 Gmel. 



7. G. macularia (Teratti.) PI. col. 



8. G. marginata (Pr. Max.) Beitr. iii. p. 1035., Mem. l'Acad. 

 Sci. St. Petersb. 1835. t. 1. — Chamceza meruloides Vigors, Jard. 

 & Se%, 111. Orn. pi. 11.; Turdus brevicauda Vieill. 



9. G. nana Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 334. 



10. G. rufula Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 98. 



11. G. olivacea (Tschudi), Fauna Peruana, p. 19- 



12. G.fuscatra (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 341. 



13. G. ochroleuca (Pr. Max.) Beitr. iii. p. 1032. 



Pitta Vieill* 



Bill moderate, strong and broad at the base, with the culmen elevated at the base, straight, and with 

 the apical part curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys 

 long and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a membranous groove, with the frontal plumes 

 projecting to the opening, which is anterior, oblique, and exposed. Wings rather short, with the third 

 and fourth quills equal and longest. Tail very short and nearly even. Tarsi very long, slender, and 

 broadly scutellated. Toes long, with the outer toe longer than the inner and united at the base, the 

 hind toe very long ; the claws moderate, curved, and acute, that of the hind toe very long. 



The species of this genus are found in India, its Archipelago, Australia, and Western Africa : they frequent the 

 jungles and thick bushes, and are occasionally observed in the gardens and topes in India. It is on the ground that 

 they usually seek their food, which consists of insects and worms; these they generally search for by scratching among 

 the fallen leaves, and they are believed occasionally to feed on berries and fruits. They seem to prefer the neighbour- 

 hood of water, and are sometimes observed to play in the shallow streams, not frequently venturing above their knees. 

 If disturbed, they either seek safety by running, which they perform quickly, or by flying to a branch of a neighbouring 

 tree, and remaining concealed for a time among the foliage. They are also said to rest on the topmost branches 

 of decayed trees. The nest is composed of leaves, dry grass, and hairs, on which the female deposits from four to five 

 eggs. 



1. P. cmrulea (Raffl.) Vigors, Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 301. — Pitta 

 gigas Temm., PL col. 217. 



2. P. maxima Forsten, Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl. p. 14. 



3. P. strepitans Temm. PI. col. 333 , Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi 

 — Pitta versicolor Swains. 



4. P. cijanea Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1S43. p. 1008. — Pitta 

 gigas Blyth. 



5. P. iris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. p. 17., B. of Austr. pi. 



6. P. granatina Temm. PL col. 506. — Pitta coccinea Eyton. 



7. P. venusta Mull. Tydsch. 1835. p. 348., PL col. 509. 



8. P. Baudii Mull. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl. Ois. t. 2. 



9. P. cyanura (Gmel.) PL enl. 355. — Myiothera affinis Horsf. 



10. P. Boschii Mull. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl. t. 1. — Pitta 

 elegans, Voy. de la Bin. Ois. t. 3. 



11. P. Irena Mull. — Pitta elegans Temm. PL col. 591. 



12. P. cyanoptera Temm. PL col. 218. 



13. P. velata Temm. PL enl. 257 Citta hippocrepis Wagl. ; 



Turdus macrourus fasciatus Bodd. 



14. P.brachyura (Linn.) Temm. PL enl. 258 Turdus trio- 



stegus Sparrm., Mus. Carls, t. 84. ; Pitta bengalensis Vieill. 



15. P. Vigorsii Gould, B. of Austr. pi. — Pitta brachyura Vigors. 

 $ Horsf. 



16. P. abdominalis Wagl., Edwards's Birds, pi. 324., Gould, 

 Cent, of B. pi., Royle, Ulustr. Himal. pi. 7- f. 3., Albin, pi. 31., 

 Gray, Illustr. Ind. Zool. 11. pi. 35. f. 2 



17- P- malaccensis Scop. Sonn. Voy. 11. t. 110. — Citta superci- 

 liaris Wagl. 



18. V.angolensis Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 356. — 

 Pitta pulih Fras. 



19. P. cucullata Hartl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 410. pi. 11.— 

 Pitta rhodogaster Hodgs. ; P. nigricollis Blyth. 



20. P. Macklotii Temm. PL col. 547. 



21. P. celebensis Forsten, Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl. p. 16. 



22. P. erythrogaster Temm. PL col. 212., Griff. An. Kingd. 1. 

 pi. p. 545. 



* Vieillot established this genus in 1816 {Analyse, &;c., p. 42.). Thunberg in 1821 gave these birds the generic name of Brachyurwt. 

 It embraces Palndicola of Mr. Hodgson (1837), which name he changed to IJelcornis in 1844. 



