TUKDIN.E. 



99. T. saxatilis Linn. PL enl. 562. — Lanius infaustus Gmel. ; 

 Saxicola montana Koch ; Type of Petrocossyphus Boie (1826). 



100. T. manilknsis Bodd. PI. enl. 636. — Turdu manillensis 

 Gmel. ; T. olivaceus Bodd. PI. enl. 564: f. 2. ; Petrocincla pandoo 

 et P. maal Sykes. 



101. T. philippensis Bodd. PI. enl. 339. — Turdus eremita Gmel. 



102. T. melanotus Dubus, Bull. Acad. Sc. Brux. 1839, pt. 1. 

 p. 506. t. 



103. T. rupestris Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. f. 101, 102.— 

 Turdus rupicola Licht. ; P. rocar Steph. ; Petrocincla montana 

 Swains. 



104. T. explorator Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 103. —Turdus 

 perspicax Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 96 1. 



105. T. cinclorhynchus Vigors, Gould. Cent, of B. pi. 19. — 

 Petrophila cyanocephala Swains. 



106. T. castaneocollis Lep. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 166. 



107. T. aurantiventer Lep. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 166. 



108. T. citrinus Lath. PI. col. 445. — Turdus cyanotus Jard. 

 ^ Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 46. ; Type of Geocichla Kuhl (182?). 



109. T. rubecula Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1836, p. 7- 



110. T. interpres Kuhl, PI. col. 458. 



111. T. rubiginosus Mull.&Sah. Verh. Nat.Gesch. Nederl.p.172. 



112. T. unicolor Tick. Jour. A. S. B. 11. p. 577. 



113. T. ? — ? Turdus unicolor Gould, 1837, p. 136.; T. 



modestus Blyth. 



114. T . flavirostris Swains. Mag. Phil. 1827, p. 369. 



Bessonohnis Smith* 



Bill more or less short, with the culmen gradually curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 

 which is emarginated ; the gonys moderate and ascending ; the lateral margins nearly straight : 

 the nostrils lateral and basal, with the opening oval, placed in a small membraneous groove, and partly 

 covered by the projecting feathers. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth or fifth quill 

 the longest. Tail more or less long, broad, and rounded. Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, 

 slender, and covered in front with an entire scale, or with several slightly divided scales. Toes 

 moderate and weak ; with the outer longer than the inner one, and united at the base ; the hind toe 

 long ; the claws moderate, curved, and acute. 



These birds are found throughout the continent of Africa. They inhabit the borders of woods or high brushwood 

 that grows in the neighbourhood of rivers. Their food consists of insects, which they actively seek for among the 

 foliage ; but some species are more frequently seen on the ground searching for the same kind of subsistence. When 

 engaged in this occupation they often raise and depress the tail by jerks, and now and then spread and elevate the 

 wings at the same time. 



1. B. vociferans (Swains.) Zool. Illustr. pi. 179 > Levaill. Ois. 

 d'Afr. t. 104. ; Turdus reclamator Vieill. 



2. B. phamicurus (Gmel.) Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 111.— Motacilla 

 pectoralis Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 965. ; Saxicola superciliaris Licht. ; 

 Petrocincla superciliosa Swains. 



3. B. natalensis (Smith) 111. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pi. 



4. B. humeralis (Smith) 111. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pi. 



5. B. albicapillu (Vieill.) N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xx. p. 254. — 

 Petrocincla leucoceps Swains. B. of W. Afr. 1. p. 282. 



6. B.- 



- ? — Petrocincla albicapilla Swains. B. of W. Afr. 



pi. 32. 



7. B. semirufa (Riipp.) Faun. Abyss, p. 81., Syst. Uebers. &c. 

 t. 21 Cossypha nigricapilla Gtier. 



8. B. gutturalis (Guer.) Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 162. 



9. B. poensis (Strickl.) Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 126. 



10. B. brevipes (Waterh.) App. Alex. Exped. Disc. S. Afr. 



MlMUS.f 



Bill rather long and straight or slightly curved, with the culmen curved and the sides gradually 

 compressed to the tip, which is more or less emarginated ; the gonys long, and rather ascending ; the 



.sly employed, occassioned e 



* This division was originally established by Vigors under the name of Cossypha (1825), which, being pre 

 to adopt Dr. Smith's name as given above. 



f Established by Boie in 1826. Orpheus of Mr. Swainson (1827) is synonymous. It embraces Toxostoma of Wagler (1831), with 

 which Harpes of Mr. Gambel (1845) is coequal. 



