timaltnj:. 



Cinclosoma Fig. fy Horsf* 



Bill moderate, rather slender, and straight, with the culmen sloping towards the tip, which is slightly 

 curved and emarginated ; the sides gradually compressed, and the gonys long and ascending ; the gape 

 furnished with a few very short bristles ; the nostrils basal and linear, with the opening covered by a 

 membranous scale. Wings short and rounded; with the third, fourth, and fifth quills nearly equal and 

 longest. Tail lengthened, and much graduated. Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, and robust, 

 with the front covered with broad scales. Toes moderate, with the inner toe longer than the outer ; the 

 hind toe long, rather strong : the claws rather long, strong, and curved. 



These birds are found in most parts of Australia, where they are generally seen, says Mr. Gould, on the summits of 

 low stony hills and rocky gullies, particularly those covered with scrubs and grasses. They are usually observed on 

 the ground, or on the fallen trunks of trees, searching for seeds and insects ; and, if disturbed, they generally endeavour 

 to escape by running among the underwood, but if closely pressed they take a short flight, which is performed by a 

 series of undulations, and, having proceeded a sufficient distance, they suddenly alight on the ground again. The note 

 of these birds consists of a low piping whistle. The nest is formed on the ground in a sheltered situation, and is 

 composed of leaves and the inner bark of trees. The eggs are generally two in number ; and the young soon possess 

 the power of running with their parent. 



1. C. punctatum (Lath.) Vig. & Horsf. Griff. An. Kingd. Birds, I 3. C. cinriamomeum Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. ., B. of Austi. 

 i. p. 529. pl-, Gould, B. of Austr. pi. j pi. 



2. C. castanotmn Gould, Proc. Z. S. IS 10. p. 113., B. of Austr. 

 pi. 



Cr a t e hop t; s Swains, f 



Bill moderate, and generally strong, with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 

 which is slightly hooked and emarginated ; the lateral margins curved, and the gonys curved upwards ; 

 the nostrils large, with the opening exposed, lunate, and covered by a membranous scale. Wings 

 rather short, and much rounded ; with the fourth quill nearly as long as the fifth and sixth, which are 

 the longest. Tail rather long, and graduated. Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, robust, and 

 covered with broad scales. Toes long and strong, with the outer toe longer than the inner one ; the 

 hind toe very long and strong: the claws long, strong, and curved. 



These birds frequent the marshy places of Africa, and are usually seen on the reeds and aquatic plants. 



1. C. bicolor Jard. Edin. Journ. Nat. and Geogr. Sci. n. s. iii. pi. j 7. C. atripennis Swains. B. of W. Afr. i. p. 27S. 

 ?,., Smith, Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pi. 



2. C. Reinwardtii Swains. Zool. Illustr. n. s. pi. 80. 



3. C. squamatus Riipp. Zool. Atlas, t. 12. 



4. C. leucocephalus Riipp. Zool. Atlas, t. 4. 



5. C. plebejus Rupp. Zool. Atlas, t. 23. 



6. C. platycircus Swains. B. of W. Afr. i. p. 274. 



C. atriceps (Less.) Tr. d'Orn. p. 6'46. — Crateropus oriolides 

 Swains. B.of W. Afr. i. p. 280. pi. 31. 



9- C. Iciwopygius Riipp. Faun. Abyss, t. 30. f. 1 . 



10. C. riibiginosus Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-Ost Afr. t. 19. 



11. C. Swainsoni Smith. 



12. C. Jardinii Swains. 111. Orn. pi. 



* Established in 1825 by Vigors and Dr. Horsfield (Linn. Trans, xv. p. 219.). 



t It was in 1831 that Mr. Swainson first established this genus (Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 487.). 



