

TIMALINvE, 



TlMALIA* 



Bill more or less long, elevated and broad at the base, with the culmen much curved, and the sides 

 considerably compressed to the tip, which is entire ; the lateral margins curved, and the gonys long and 

 ascending ; the gape furnished with a few short bristles ; the nostrils basal, sunk in a small groove, with 

 the opening lunate, and protected by a bony scale. Wings moderate and rounded ; with the fifth, sixth, 

 and seventh quills equal and longest, Tail more or less lengthened, and rounded on the sides. Tarsi 

 longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with an almost entire scale. Toes long and 

 strong, with the outer toe rather longer than the inner one ; the hind toe very long, strong, and armed 

 with a moderately strong claw. 



These birds are found in small flocks in the open jungles, or in the cultivated grounds round the villages of India 

 and Java. They are generally seen on the ground, which they search, especially around the trunks of large trees, for 

 various kinds of seeds and insects. At the same time they utter a continual low chattering noise, which is occasionally 

 changed to a loud guttural cry, but sometimes they are seen perched, pouring forth a remarkably sweet song. The 

 nest is built in trees at no great distance from the ground, and it is composed of small twigs and roots most carelessly 

 put together, wherein the female usually deposits four eggs. 



1. T. pileata Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 151., Zool. Res. Java, 

 pi. . f. 1. 



2. T. thoracica (Temm.) Swains. PL col. 76. 



3. T.nigricollis Temm. PI. col. 594. f. 2.— Brachypteryx ni- 

 grogularis Eyton. 



4. T. maculata Temm. PL col. 593. f. 1. — Malacopteron squa- 

 matum Eyton. 



5. T. gularis (Raffl.) Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 312., Zool. Res. 

 Java, pi. f.2., Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 19- f. 2. ; Type of Mixornis 

 Hodgs. (1845). 



6. T. HorsfieUii Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 119- — Parus si- 

 nensis Gmel. ? 



7. ? T. hypoleuca Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 118. — Timalia 

 bicolor Lafres. Mag. de Zool. 1 835. Ois. t. 39. 



8. T.hyperythra Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 118., Mag.de 

 Zool. 1835. Ois. t. 40. 



9. T. grisea (Gmel.) — Malacocircus striatus Swains. Zool. 

 Illustr. n. s. pi. 127. ; Type of Malacocircus Swains. (1832). 



10. T. caudata (Cuy.) — Timalia chatarfea Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 

 1831. p. 118. 



11. T. Malcolmi Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 88. — Garrulus al- 

 bifrons Gray, Ind. Zool. pi. 36. f. 1 . 



12. T. Somervillei Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 88. 



13. T. pellotis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 1 82. 



POMATORHINUS Horsf.-f 



Bill more or less long, curved, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is entire ; the gonys 

 very long and ascending ; the nostrils basal, sunk in a small groove, with the opening lunate, and covered 

 by a horny scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills equal and longest. Tail 

 long, and much rounded. Tarsi of the length of the middle toe, with the front with an almost entire 

 scale, sometimes with broad divided scales. Toes long and strong, with the inner toe rather shorter 



* It was in 1820 that Dr. Horsfield established this genus {Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 150.). It embraces Malacocircus of Mr. Swainson 

 (1832), and M ixornis of Mr. Hodgson (1845). 



* Dr. Horsfield established this genus in 1820 {Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 164.). Pomatorhynchus of M. Bote (1826) is a synonyme. It 

 contains Xiphorhynchus of Mr. Blyth (1842), since changed to Xiphorhamplius (1843). 



