PYCN0N0TIN2E. 



exposed ; the nape is furnished with, long slender hairs. Wings moderate and rounded, with the 

 fourth quill nearly as long as the fifth and sixth, which are equal and longest. Tail rather long, and 

 broad. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, and covered in front with an entire scale. Toes moderate ; 

 the lateral toes unequal, the outer one slightly united at the base ; the hind toe long, strong, and armed 

 with a prominent claw. 



It is in the woody districts of Africa and Asia that the species of this genus are found. They are generally noticed 

 actively flying from bush to bush, examining the branches in search of their subsistence, which chiefly consists of 

 various kinds of fruits and berries, and occasionally of insects. If alarmed, they usually hide themselves in the thickest 

 parts of the bush, where they remain perfectly inactive until their fears have subsided. Some species possess a series 

 of loud clear thrush-like notes. 



1. C. barbatus Temm. PI. col. 88. — Trichophorus strigilatus 



2. C. gularis (Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 150. 



3. C. caniceps (Lafr.) Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 367. — Ixos phfeoce- 

 phalus Hartl. ; Pycnonotus rufocaudatus Eyton. 



4. C. flaveolus (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. 6. — Trichophorus 

 xanthogaster Hodgs. 



5. C. ? ictericus Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 411. — Turdus 

 indicus Gmel. ? 



6. C. crispiceps (Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 204. 



7. C. flaviventris (Smith), 111. A. Z. Birds, pi. 59. 



8. C. olivaceus (Swains.) B. of W. Afr. i. p. 264. 



9. C. tephrogenys (Jard. & Selby), 111. Orn. pi. 127- — Tricho 

 phorus gularis Swains. ? 



10. C ? — Iole olivacea Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 



386. ; Type of Iole Blyth (1844). 



11. C. affinis (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Sud Pole, Ois. t. 15. 

 f. 1. 



Andropadus Swains.* 



The characters are very similar to those of the foregoing genus, except that the tip of the Bill is 

 furnished with three or four emarginations on each side ; the Tarsi are covered in front with broad 

 transverse scales. 



The species of this division are peculiar to the continent of Africa ; where they live in small flocks on the tops of the 

 trees, actively employed in search of their food, which consists of fruits and berries, and uttering at the same time an 

 incessant irksome cry. The nest is formed on the branches of large trees. The female usually lays from four to five 



1. A. importunus (Vieill.) Ency. Me'th. p. 662. Levaill. Ois. d' 

 Afr. t. 106. f. 2. — Turdus clamosus Steph. • Andropadus vociferus 

 et A. familiaris Swains. ; T. brachypodioides Jard. Mag. de Zool. 

 1832. Ois. t. 4. 



2. A. latirostris Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 127. 



3. A. gracilirostris Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 127. 



Pycnonotus Kuhl.f 



Bill more or less short, and broad at the base ; with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to 

 the tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys short and ascending ; the gape furnished with a few short 

 weak bristles ; the nostrils basal and placed in a groove, with the opening oval and exposed. Wings 

 moderate and rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate 



* Mr. Swainson established this genus in 1831 (Faun. Boreali-Amer. p. 485.). Polyodon (1832) of Baron de Lafresnaye is 

 synonymous. . . 



f Established by Kuhl in 1826 (Isis, 1826, p. 975.). Brachypus of Mr. Swainson (1824), Turdoidesor Ixos of M. Temminck(182?J, 

 and Alcurus of Mr. Hodgson (1844) are synonymous. It embraces Hcematornis of Mr. Swainson (1831), Hemipus (1845), and Ixidia 

 (1846) of Mr. Hodgson. 



7 R 



