PYCNONOTIN^. 



and rather rounded. Tarsi as long as the middle toe, and rather strong, with the front covered by an 

 undivided scale. Toes moderate ; the lateral toes nearly equal ; the hind toe rather long, strong, and 

 armed with a long curved claw. 



The species are found in the southern parts of Europe, also in Africa, Asia, and its archipelago. They frequent the 

 trees in open places, in pairs or in small parties ; and are usually observed actively hopping from branch to branch, while 

 in search of fruits, berries, and insects, which constitute their food. They sometimes commit great depreciations in 

 gardens, flying from tree to tree in a direct line, with a quick flapping of the wings, usually uttering at the same time a 

 whistling note. They have also the power of imitating the cries of various other birds. 



1. P. dispar (Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 150., PI. col. 137- 



2. P. gularis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1835. p. 186. 



3. P. rubineus Jerd. Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. 1839- p. 246. 



4. V.flavirictus Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 413. 



5. P. xantholamus Jerd. Madr. Journ. 1844. p. 122. 



6. P. Finlaysoni Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 411. 



7- P. leucogenys (Gray), III. Ind. Zool. pi. 35. f. 3. — Ixos 

 plumigerus Lafr. ; Haematornis cristatus Burn. 

 8. P. leucotis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1836. p. 6. 

 9- P. plumiferus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 137. 



10. P. striatus (Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 184. — Alco- 

 pus (Sibia) nipalensis Hodgs. 



11. P. euptilotus (Jard. & Selby), 111. Orn. pi. 3. 



12. P. priocephalus (Jerd.) Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. 1833. p. 

 246. 



13. P. flaviventris (Tick.) — Brachypus melanocephalus Gray, 

 111. Ind. Orn. pi. 35. f. 1. ; Type of Alcurus Hodgs. (1844). 



14. P. melanocephalus (Gmel.) Lath. Gen. Syn. pi. 6. — Turdoi- 

 des atriceps Temm. PI. col. 



15. P. metallicus (Eyton), Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845. 228. 



16. P. cyaniventris Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 792. — Ma- 

 lacopteron aureum Eyton; Type of Ixidia Blyth (1846). 



17. P. squamatus (Temm.) PI. col. 453. f. 2. 



18. P. inornatus (Fras.) Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 27- 



19. P. leucogrammicus (Mull.) Tydsch. 1835. p. 352. 



20. P. tympanistrigus (Mull.) Tydsch. 1835. p. 353. 



21. P. Fisquetii (Eyd. & Sonley), Voy. de la Bonite, Ois. t. 5. 



22. P. Yourdini (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 

 14. f. 1. 



23. P. simplex Less. Rev. Zool. 1839- P- 167- 



24. V.flavulus (Hodgs.) App. Cat. of Mam. and Birds, 154.— 

 Type of Hemipus Hodgs. (1845). 



25. P. aurignster (Vieill.) Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 107. f. 2. — 

 Turdus chrysorrhceus Temm. ; Type of Hrematornis Swains. 

 (1831). 



26. P. nigricans (Vieill.) — Turdus capensis var. Lath. PI. enl. 

 317., Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 106. f. 1.; Turdus Levaillantii Temm.; 

 Ixos xanthopygius Ehrenb. 



27. P. capensis (Gmel.) Briss. Orn. t. 27. f. 3., Levaill. Ois. d' 

 Afr. t. 105. 



28. P. goiavier (Scop.) Strickl. Sonn. Voy. t. 28 Muscicapa 



psidii Gmel. ; Turdus analis Horsf. 



29- P. cafer (Linn.) PI. enl. 563. f. 1., Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 

 107. f. 1. 



30. V.pusillus (Blyth), Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1841. p. 841. 



31. P. hwmorrhous (Gmel.) Brown, 111. pi. 31. f. 1. 



32. P. croeorrhous Strickl. — Muscicapa hfemorrhoa var. Gmel.; 

 Turdus hsemorrhous Horsf. Brown, 111. t. 31. f. 2. ; Hiemator- 

 nis chrysorrhoides Lafr. 



33. P. jocosus (Linn.) PI. enl. 508. ?, Dixon's Voy. pi. ii. p 



360., Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 645., Sonn. Voy. t. 109 Sitta 



chinensis Osb. 



34. P. bimaculatus (Horsf.) Swains. Less. Cent, de Zool. t. 75. 



35. P. monticola (Mc CM.) Proc. Z. S. 1839. p. 160. 



36. P. luteolus (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 354. 



37. P. arsinoe (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 39. 



38. P. obscurus Temm. Man. d'Orn. iv. p. 608. — Haematornis 

 lugubris Less.] 



39. V.flavicollis (Swains.) B. of W. Afr. i. p. 259. 



40. P. occipitalis (Temm.) Mag. de Zool. 1836., Ois. t. 66. 



Hypsipetes Vigors.^ 



Bill long and rather Aveak, with the culmen slightly curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 

 which is slightly emarginated ; the nostrils basal and placed in a membranous groove, with the 

 opening oval and exposed. Wings rather long, and rounded, with the fourth and fifth quills equal and 

 longest. Tail long and broad, with the end forked. Tarsi rather shorter than the middle toe, and 

 covered in front with an entire scale. Toes moderate ; the lateral toes equal, and the outer one slightly 

 united at the base ; the hind toe short, strong, and armed with a short compressed claw. 



Established by Vigors in 1831 {Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 43.). 



