PACHYCEPHALIA. 



Calyptura Swains* 



Bill short, with the culmen much arched to the tip, which is emarginated ; the base broad, and the 

 sides gradually compressed ; the gonys lengthened and advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal, lateral, 

 and rounded. Wings short and rounded, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills the longest. Tail 

 remarkably small, and even at its end. Tarsi lengthened and slender, and longer than the middle toe. 

 Toes moderate and slender, with the inner shorter than the outer, which is united at the base to the 

 middle toe ; the hind toe long, and nearly the length of the middle one ; the claws moderate and much 

 curved. 



The type of this division is peculiar to Brazil ; and its habits and manners are unknown. 

 C. cristata (Vieill.) Swains. Ornith. Draw. 24. — Regulus tyrannulus Licht. 



Pachycephala Swains. f 

 Bill moderate, the base somewhat broad, and the sides compressed, with the culmen arched to the tip 

 which is emarginated ; the gonys lengthened and ascending ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly 

 covered by a membrane, with the opening rounded. Wings moderate, with the first three quills 

 graduated, and the fourth and fifth nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate, with the end nearly even, 

 or scarcely forked. Tarsi moderate, rather longer than the middle toe, and covered with long scales. 

 Toes moderate and slender, with the lateral ones unequal ; the outer the longest, and united at its base 

 to the middle toe ; the hind toe as long as the outer ; the claws moderate and curved. 



Most of the birds of this genus are peculiar to Australia, others are found in New Guinea, and the isles of the South 

 Seas. They are generally observed solitary, or in pairs, creeping and hopping among the foliage of the upper parts of 

 the lofty trees of the thick forests, or in the shrubs. Their food consists of berries and the larvse of insects, &c. The 

 nest is formed on the small horizontal branches of large trees, or in shrubs, of fine twigs and fibrous roots. The eggs 

 are generally three or more in number. 



1. P. gutturalis (Lath.) Vigors & Horsf. Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. 

 t. 115., Lewin's B.of N. Holl.pl. 10. — Turdus lunularis Steph. ; 

 Laniarius albicollis Vieill. ; Motacilla dubia Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 

 949., Gould's Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi., B. of Austr. pi. 



2. P. rufiventris (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. t. 55.— Turdus 

 prasinus Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. t. 34. ; Turdus pectoralis 

 Lewin, B. of N. Holl. pi. 8. ; Pachycephala pectoralis Vigors 8$ 

 Horsf., Gould's Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi., and B. of Austr. pi., Icones, 

 pi. ; Pachyc. striata Vigors &j Horsf. ; Lanius macularius Quoy fy 

 Gaim. Voy. de l'Astrol. t. 13. f. 1. ; Laniarius rubrigaster Vieill. 



3. V.fusca Vigors & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. 240., Gould's Syn. 

 of Austr. Birds, pi. f. 1. — Pachycephala fuliginosa Vigors Sj Horsf. 



4. P. olivacea Vigors & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. 241., Gould's 

 Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi. f. 4. 



5. P. xanthoprocta Gould, Proc.Z. S. 1837. p- 149., Syn. of Austr. 

 Birds, pi. f. 2. 



6. P. longirostris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. P- 149-, Syn. of Austr. 

 Birds, pi. f. 3. 



7. P. lanioides Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1839. 142. 



8. P. rufogularis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. 16'4. 



9. P. inornata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. 164. 



10. P. falcata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 134. 

 ■a Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 134. 



:x Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 135. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois.t. 5. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. auPole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 5. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 5. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6. 



(Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6. 



19. P. Gilbertii Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1844. 107. 



20. P. glaucura Gould, B. of Austr. pi. 



* Established by Mr. Swainson (Faun. Bor. Amer.-p. 491.) in 1831. 



t Established by Messrs. Vigors and Horsfield, from Mr. Swainson's MSS. (Linn. Trans, xv. 238.), in 1826. 



