Order II. PASSERES. 



Tribe III. Dentirostres. 



Family V. Lanhd^e 



The second Subfamily, 



THAMNOPHlLINvE, or Bush-Shrikes, 



have the Bill more or less lengthened, compressed on the sides, the culmen straight but arched, hooked 

 and emarginated at the tip, the gape more or less bristled ; the Nostrils basal, lateral, and mostly 

 rounded ; the Wings moderate, and more or less rounded ; the Tail usually long and rounded ; the Tarsi 

 moderate, and covered with broad scales ; the Toes moderate, the lateral ones unequal, and the outer toe 

 united to the middle one at the base. 



Thamnophilus Vieitt.* 



Bill moderate, strong, compressed on the sides, with the culmen slightly sloping from the base towards 

 the tip, which is abruptly hooked and emarginated ; the gonys long and advancing upwards to the tip, 

 which is also emarginated ; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded, and exposed. Wings moderate and 

 rounded, with the fourth to the seventh quills the longest. Tail more or less lengthened and rounded. 

 Tarsi longer than the middle toe, covered before and behind with transverse scales. Toes moderate, the 

 lateral toes unequal, the outer united as far as the first joint of the middle toe ; the claws moderate, 

 much curved, and acute. 



Most of these birds are inhabitants- of the tropical parts of America, yet a few of the species extend northwards as 

 far as Canada. They usually reside in the vast forests, searching the foliage of the low bushes, and the trunks of the 

 trees, for the coleopterous and other insects on which they subsist. The nests are usually placed in the thick bushes, at 

 no great distance from the ground : the exterior is attached by strong filaments to the boughs which form a fork, at 

 the extremity of a slender branch ; the interior is furnished with hairs and delicate stems of plants. Some species 

 compose it of a series of small spinous branches slightly put together. The eggs are from two to five in number. 



1. Th. doliatus (Linn.) PI. enl. 297. f. 2., Edwards's Birds, pi. 

 226. — Thamnophilus radiatus Vieitt. ; Th. radiosus Spix, Av. Bras. 

 t. 35. f. 2. t. 38. f. 1. ; Lanius ferrugineus Act. Par. ; L. rubiginosus 

 Lath. Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 77- f. 2. 



2. Th. palliatus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 46. — Tham- 

 nophilus lineatus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 33. f. I, 2. ; Th. badius Swains. 

 B. of Braz. pi. 65, 66. ; Lanius vestitus Cuv. 



3. Th. fasciatus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 88. 



4. Th. cinnamomeus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 87. 



5. Th. bicolor Swains. Zool Journ. ii. 86., Ornith. Draw. pi. 60. 



6. Th. undulatus Mikan, Del. Florae et Faun. Bras. t. — Tham- 

 nophilus striatus Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de 1'Uranie, Ois. t. 18,19. ; Th. 

 Vigorsii Such, Zool. Journ. Supp.pl. 7.; Th. cinereus et Th. rufus 

 Vieitt. ; Th. gigas Swains. 



7. Th. severus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 45 Tham- 



nophilus niger Such, Jard. & Selby's 111. Orn. pi. 21. ; Th. Swain- 

 soni Such. 



8. Th. meleagris (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 46. — Tham- 

 nophilus guttatus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 35. f. 1. ; Th. maculatus Such, 

 Zool. Journ. i. 537. suppl. pi. 6. 



9. Th. Leachii Such, Zool. Journ. i. 588., Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. 

 pi. 41. 



10. Th. stagurus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 45. —Tham- 

 nophilus albiventris Spix, Av. Bras. t. 32. ; Th. major Vieitt. 



11. Th. luctuosus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 47-- — . Tham- 

 nophilus Othello Less. Cent. Zool. t. 19. 



12. Th. neeviw (Linn.) Vieill. Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 77-, Leach, 

 Zool. Misc.pl. 17. — Thamnophilus cserulescens et Th. auratus Vieitt. 

 Azara No. 214.213.; Lanius punctatus Shaw, Swains. Ornith. 

 Draw. pi. 59. 



* Established by Vieillot (Analyse, p. 40.) 

 embraces Cymbilaimus G. R. Gray (1840). 



1816. In 1831 M. Lesson proposed the name of Batara for the same set of birds. It 



