OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 129 
herbs of graceful habit, mostly natives of Southern Europe and West- 
ern Asia. Several species are cultivated for ornament; the following 
are sparingly naturalized. — Gen. ed. 4, n. 498; DC. Prodr. i. 351 
in part; Reichb. 1. c. vi. t. 239-242; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 146; 
Williams, Journ. of Bot. xviii. 321. 
G. murauis, L. Low, annual, with the habit of Arenaria: 
leaves small, linear, acute: flowers scattered in the forks of the 
branches : pedicels filiform, two or three times as long as the calyx: pet 
als pink with darker veins, emarginate, 2-3 lines in length. — Amen. 
Acad. iii. 24; Spec. ed. 3, 583; FI. Dan. viii. t. 1268. — Ballast and 
roadsides, New Jersey, Brown; Montague, Mass., Churchill ; Weth- 
ersfield, Conn., Wright ; London, Canada, Dearness. Introduced (N. 
and Mid. Europe and Siberia). 
G. panicutata, L. 1. c. Perennial, glabrous and somewhat glau- 
cous, 2 feet or more in height: leaves lanceolate, acute, 1-1} inches 
in length : flowers very numerous in a compound panicle segments 
of the calyx with conspicuous white scarious margins : petals scarcely 
exceeding the sepals: capsule nearly spherical. — Reichb. 1. ¢ Vv: 
t. 242. — Doubtfully established, Emerson, Manitoba, Fowler. (Ad- 
ventive from Europe.) 
4. SAPONARIA, L. Soapworr. (From sapo, soap; S. ef 
cinalis having been used as a substitute for soap, the juice being capable 
of forming a lather.) — A genus of the Old World including plants of 
diverse habit. Two rather coarse species belonging to different se 
tions of the genus are spontaneous in America. — Gen. n. 369 ; DC. 
Prodr. i. 365; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 146. 
S. Vaccaria, L. A smooth annual with ovate or oblong-lance0- 
late, sessile and somewhat connate leaves: flowers in a broad flat 
corymb: calyx ovoid, with 5 sharp herbaceous angles, the intervel- 
ing parts being white and scarious: corolla rose-colored, destitute of 
appendages. — Spec. 409; Bot. Mag. t. 2290; Torr. & Gray, Fi. r 
195; also variously referred by authors to Gypsophila, Lychns, sa 
more often regarded as an independent genus, Vaccaria. — Railway 
ballast and cultivated ground, frequent and sometimes troublesome 
wheatfields westward, where it bears the name of “cockle.” July- 
August. (Introduced from Europe.) : 
S. orrrciaris, L. (Soarwort, Bouncing BET.) Perennial, 
smooth, 14-2 feet high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-ribbed, 2-8 
inches long, narrowed at the base; inflorescence terminal, somewhat 
pyramidal, the flowers clustered at the ends of short branches : caly z 
_ tubular, terete : petals appendaged at the junction of the claw and the - ’ 
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