GREENMAN. — GENUS GALIUM. 457 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. i. pt. 2, 39; Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 403. 
— Common in moist shady places; Southern Greenland and Alaska to 
the Gulf of Mexico. 
This species is doubtfully attributed to Mexico by Hemsley, Biol. Cent.- 
Am. Bot. ii. 66, but no Mexican specimens have been seen by the writer. 
* + Angles of the stem as well as the margins and midrib of the leaves retrorsely 
aculeolate-hispid. 
++ Fruit granular-papillose. 
1, G. asperrimum, Gray. Stems ascending, 3 to 6 dm. high, 
diffusely branched: leaves usually in whorls ‘of six, oblanceolate, 1 to 2 
cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. broad, glabrous except on the margins and midvein 
beneath : inflorescence cymose-paniculate, cymes dichotomously or trichot- 
omously branching: flowers whitish: fruit about 2 mm. in diameter. — 
Pl. Fendl. 60, in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. i. 284, & Syn. Fl. N. A. 
1. pt. 2, 39; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 134; Rothrock in Wheeler, Rep. 
vi. 138.— New Mexico, Fendler, no. 289; Sonora, Wright, no. 114; 
Chihuahua, hills west of the city of Chihuahua, Pringle, no. 558 ; also by 
the same collector on cool talus of cliffs, on neighboring mountains, no. 
740 ; southwestern Chihuahua, August to November, 1885, Palmer, 
no. 414, 
++ ++ Fruit more or less distinctly uncinate-hispid. 
2. G. aparine, L. Stems 2 to 10 dm. or more long, somewhat 
Teclining ; nodes 2 to 10 cm. distant: leaves oblanceolate .or oblanceolate- 
linear, l to 4 em, long, 2 to 6 mm. broad, cuspidate-acuminate, usually 
hirsute-pubescent on the upper surface: flowers 1 to 3 in the upper 
axils, or terminating the lateral branches in 2-3-flowered cymes; 
Corolla small, whitish: fruit 2 to 5 mm. in breadth. — Spec. i. 108; 
Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xvii. t. 1197; Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. i. pt. 2, 
36.— Sonora, Thurber, no. 437; Lower California, Guadalupe Island, 
Palmer, nos, 35; 850, All Saints’ Bay, April, 1882, Miss F. £. Fish. — 
To the var. Vaillantit, Koch, Fl. Germ. ed. 1, 330 (Vaill. Par. t. 4, 
f. 4), some of the specimens above cited may be equally well referred. 
The variety differs only in being more slender, but as direct transitions 
Secur no Satisfactory distinctions can be drawn separating the variety 
from the Species 
: G. exicanum, HBK. Stems ascending, much branched, 
strongly aculeolate-hispid on the angles, hirsute-pubescent at the nodes: 
“aves usually in sixes or eights, sometimes in whorls of ten or more, 8 to 
20 mm. long, 1 to 8 mm. broad, margin revolute, apex strongly cuspi- 
date-acuminate, usually smooth and shining above, rarely somewhat 
. 
