FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 457 
“No. 2. Iam quite unable to distinguish this plant from the original 
of C. sterilis, Willd. It has the same broad-ovate, short-acuminate or 
short-beaked perigynium, and the same achenial characters, that is, the 
achene is rather conspicuously narrowed below. The characters of the 
inflorescence are the same, except as to color. The Willdenow plant is 
more brownish: this, however, may be due, at least to a certain extent, 
to age.” 
From Willdenow’s original description, from Schkuhr’s description 
and figure, and from Dr, Greenman’s examination and drawings of the 
Willdenow plant, there seems no question, then, that Carex atlantica, 
Bailey, is the true C. sterilis, Willd. 
Carex scirpoides, Schkuhr. The characters of this species, likewise, 
are sufficiently stated in the discussion of Schkuhr’s and Willdenow’s 
characterizations. Material from the Schkuhr herbarium received through 
Professor Mez is identical with camera-drawings made by Dr. Green- 
man from Willdenow’s plant. These accurately agree, also, with 
Schkuhr’s fig. 180. This species, was, furthermore, correctly inter- 
preted by Sartwell, Carey, and Boott, and it is well represented as ©. 
stellulata, var. scirpoides in Boott’s Illustrations, t. 146.** Sartwell’s 
No. 36 and Boott’s plate are the only exact citations given by Professor 
Bailey for his C. interior, and his description of the so-called new species 
accords well with those of Willdenow and of Schkuhr. In distinguishing 
C. interior from C. scirpoides, Bailey says that the former has “ greenish- 
tawny spikes,” while the latter is “fulvous;” and he furthermore de- 
scribes Schkuhr’s C. scirpoides, “as the plate plainly shows,” with 
“long-beaked broad-winged perigynia.” How such a statement and 
such conclusions could have been made is very puzzling. There can 
be no question, however, that the figure of Schkuhr’s C. scirpoides as 
interpreted by Dewey, Schweinitz, Torrey, Sartwell, Carey, Francis 
ott, Holm, and other students of the genus, is the same as Boott’s 
table 146 ** upon which, in part, C. interior was founded. 
The name Carex scirpoides, Schkuhr, so long attached to this plant, 
was published in 1805, but it cannot, unfortunately, be retained for the 
Species, since in 1803 Michaux published C. scirpotdea, the well known 
dioecious plant of extreme boreal and alpine regions. The next clearly 
defined name for the plant seems to be C. interior, although, as originally 
intended by its author, that name was supposed to apply to a species 
very distinct from C. scirpoides. Tuckerman, it is true, published in his 
Enumeratio Methodica the name C. stellulata, var. scirpina, citing C. 
scirpoides, Schkuhr, as a synonym. On a preceding page, however, 
