FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 465 
++ Perigynia horizontally spreading or reflexed when mature, spongy at 
base, with thin but scarcely win argins. 
sd Spikelets tor anit and terminal, tities or staminate, or with the 
owers variously scattere 
Stoloniferous ; the filiform culms at most 8 dm. ants from filiform 
rootstocks (24) C. gynocrates. 
Not stoloniferous ; ike wiry voulain®. to 7 ei arg in camatiase stools 
(2 
5) C. exilis. 
++ ++ Spikelets 2 to severa 
= Perigynia broadest at base: beak rough or serrulate. 
a, Perigynia at most half as broad as long, finally yellowish, with 
slender beak nearly nea: the body: scales pointed. 
1. Perigynia ovate, 3 0 
O Spikelets at most 12 flowered. 
Spike 1 to 3 cm. long, re 2 to 6 spikelets subapproximate 
(26) C. echinata. 
Spike 2 to 6 cm. long, the 2 to 4 spikelets very remote, the 
terminal with a clavate base 0.5 to 1 cm. lon 
26) C. echinata, var. ormantha. 
O O Spikelets with more flowers. 
Leaves 1 to 2.6 mm. broad: spikelets scattered, 12- to 20- 
flowered : perigynia less than half as broad as lon 
(26) C. echinata, var. excelsior. 
Leaves 2 to 4 mm. broad: spikelets mostly sib aga 15- 
to 40-flowered ; perigynia half as broad a 
26) €. ehaee var. cephalantha. 
2. pt 2 en lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long: spike 
o 6 approximate spikelets (26) C. echinata, var. anqustata. 
b. decade more than half as broad as long, firm, brownish or dark 
green, the beak one-fourth to one-half as long as the bod 
1. Scales sharp-pointed : leaves 2.5 to 4.65 mm. broad : spike 1.5 to 3.5 
em. long; spikelets 15-to aca ners plant (27) C. — 
2. Scales blunt: leaves narrower: a 2 cm. long; spikele 
5- to 15-flowered : slender plant 
Leaves 1 to 2 mm. ene seciayilie pid nerved or nerve- 
less on the inner fae (28) @. interior. 
Leaves narrower : trie ts sry nerve ae 
(28) C. interior, var. capillacea. 
= Perigynia broadest near the middle, less than 2 mm. broad, very 
thin ba conspicuously nerved, with short smooth beak : spikelets 
rem 9) C. seorsa. 
* * Perigynia ps tins lage seven trons the first, plano-convex. 
+ Perigynia 4 mm. or more long, long-beaked. 
a. lanceolate, in a poses linear-cylindric spike: perigynia 1 to 
m. broad, strongly nerved: scales ee leaves 1 to 2.6 mm. 
sean’ : 33) C. bromoides. 
Spikelets ovate in Sexuous spikes, the lowest very peta: perigynia 
m. broad, ede nerved or nerveless: scales ovate : leaves 
2 to 5 mm. oe oad (34) C. Deweyana. 
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