FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE, 467 
2. Terminal spikelet without conspicuous clavate base: perigynia 
obscurely beaked, brown-tinged, exceeding the blunt scales: 
culms sharply angled, harsh and stiff: leaves aa erect 
41) C. heleonastes. 
++ ++ Perigynia at most 1.5 mm. long, oblong-cylindric, plump, egerers 
beakless or with a very short opae: truncate beak: culms 
spike linear-cylindric, dull brow ‘ bo ABE) es sachin 
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 
Ovales, Kunth. Perigynia ascending or slightly spreading (when. 
horizontally spreading, always with winged margins), with thin or winged 
margins, mostly with concave inner faces when mature. 
§ OvauEs proper. Bracts, when present, setaceous, or, if broader, 
only once to twice longer than the spike. 
* Mature perigynia one-fourth to one-third (.24 to .36) as broad as long. 
. + Perigynia extremely thin and scale-like, barely distended over the achenes, 
+ Perigynia 7 to 10 (average 8.3) mm. long. 
1. C. muskineumensis, Schweinitz. — Figs. 1, 2.— Culms 1 m. or 
less tall, very leafy: the loose flat leaves subcordate at their junction 
with the loose green sheaths; those of the sterile shoots crowded and 
almost distichous: spike oblong, of 5 to 12 appressed-ascending oblong- 
cylindric pointed spikelets 1.5 to 2.5 em. long. — Ann. Lyc. N. Y. i. 66; 
Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. x. 281; Bailey in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 620; Britton 
in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 855, fig. 861. (. arida, Schwein. and 
Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. i. 312, t. xxiv. fig. 2; Carey in Gray, Man. 
545; Boott, Ill. i. 20, t. 54; Boeckeler, Linnaea, xxxix. 112; Bailey, 
Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 147; Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. ii. 129. C. scoparia, 
Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii. 394, in part, not Schkuhr. C. scoparia, var. 
muskingumensis, Tuck. Enum. Meth. 8, 17.— Meadows, swamps, an 
wet woods, On1o to Manrrosa and Missourr. July, August. 
++ ++ Perigynia at most 6.5 (very rarely 7) mm. long. 
= Perigynia 5 to 6.5 (average 5.7) mm. long. 
2. C. scoparia, Schkuhr. — Figs. 3, 4.— Culms 0.2 to 1 m. high, 
mostly slender and erect: leaves narrow (at most 3 mm. wide), shorter 
than the culm: spike oblong-ovoid to subcylindric, of 3 to 9 straw- 
colored or brownish mostly shining and ascending ovoid pointed spikelets 
0.5 to 1.5 em. long. —Schkuhr in Willd. Sp. iv. 230, & Riedgr. 
