FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 469 
Var. TURBATA, Bailey. Spikelets remote, forming a moniliform spike. 
— Mem. Torr. Cl. i. 55, & in Gray, Man, 1. c. — C. lagopodioides, var. 
Boott, 1. c. 117, t. 371, fig. 1. — Range of species. 
Var. REDUCTA, Bailey. — Fig. 8.— Spike usually flexcuous, at least 
the lowest spikelets scattered: perigynia with loosely spreading or recurved 
tips. — Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c., Mem. Torr. Cl. i. 56, & in Gray, 1. ¢.; 
Macoun, |. c.; Howe, 1. c. 42. C. eristata, Kunze, Car. t. 44, fig. g; 
Boott, 1. c. 117, in part, t. 873; not Schwein. 0. lagopodiotdes, var. 
moniliformis, Olney, Exsicc. fasc. ii. no. 8; Bailey, Bot. Gaz. x. 380. 
C. tribuloides, var. moniliformis, Britton, 1. c., not C. scoparia, var. 
moniliformis, Tuck. — GuLF or St. LawrENCE to Nova Scotia, New 
Enetanp, New York, Iowa, and western Onrario; ascending in 
the White Mts. to 1,385 m. altitude. 
+ + Perigynia firm, not scale-like, obviously distended over the achenes. 
++ Plant strongly stoloniferous ; culms rising from an elongated rootstock. 
4. C. siccata, Dewey. — Figs. 9 to 11. — Culms slender, 1 to 6 dm. 
high ; leaves stiff, 1 to 3 mm. wide: spike of 3 to 7 approximate or scat- 
tered, glossy brown spikelets, the staminate and pistillate flowers variously 
mixed or in distinct spikelets: perigynia 5 or 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 
usually with distinct serrulate wings. — Am. Jour. Sci. x. 278, t. F. fig. 
18; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 212; Torr. 1. c. 391; Carey, 1. c. 539; 
Boott, Ill. i. 19, t. 52; Hosckaier, l. c. 184; Bailey, Proc. Am. head 
lc. 147, & in Gray, 1. c. 619; Macoun, l. ¢. 114; Britton, 1. ¢. 355, 
fig. 860; Howe, l. ¢. 47; Meinsh. Acta Hort. Petrop. xviii. 319. C. 
pallida, C. A. Meyer, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb. i. 215, t.8. ©. Liddoni, 
Carey, l. c. 545, not Boott. — Dry or sandy soil, Vermont to Britis 
Cotumsra and ALaska, south to Massacuusetts, Connecticut, New 
- Yor«, Om1o, MicuiGan and westward. May-July. 
++ ++ Plant not strongly stoloniferous, culms solitary or in dense stools. 
= Perigynia at most 1.4 mm. wide, elongate-lanceolate or subulate, 3.5 to 4 
(rarely 4.5) mm. long 
a. Tips of perigynia conspicuously exceeding the lance-subulate ecales: plant 
comparatively low, in dense stools. 
5. C. Crawfordii. — Figs. 12, 13. — Very slender, 1 to 3 dm. high ; 
the narrow (1 to 2.5 mm. wide) leaves ascending, often equalling or 
exceeding the culms: spike dull brown, oblong or ovoid, often subtended 
by an elongate-filiform bract ; the 3 to 12 oblong or narrowly ovoid 
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