FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 475 
or without subtending elongated bracts: perigynia ascending or rarely 
spreading, distinctly about 10-nerved on either face, 4.8 to 6 (average 5.2) 
mm. long; scales lance-attenuate or aristate. — Am. Jour. Sci. viii. 97, & 
ix. t. C, fig. 9; Britton, 1. c. fig. 870. C. straminea, var. aperta, Boott, 
l. c. 120, t. 885; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 580; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 
152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 622; Macoun, l. c. 133; Howe, 1. ¢. 45. 
C. tenera, var. major, Olney, 1. ce. no. 15.  . straminea, var. tenera, 
Bailey, Bot. Gaz. x. 381, & Mem. Torr. Cl. v. 94. — Brackish or 
fresh marshes, mostly near the coast, Gutr or St. LAWRENCE to 
DeLaware and Iowa; also in Britis Cotumpia, Yellow Head Pass 
(Spreadborough, Herb. Geol. Surv. Can. no. 20,871). June—Aug. 
Var. Invisa, Britton. — Figs. 35, 36. — Lower ; with spikelets 5 to 8 
mm. long, and perigynia 4 to 5 (average 4.5) mm. long. — Britton, 
lc. 358. —C. straminea, var. invisa, W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. ix. 86; Bailey, 
Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 622 ; Howe, l. c. — 
Range of the species and too often intergrading with it; mostly in dry 
soil or even in pure sand. 
Var. Richii. — Figs. 33, 34. — Perigynia 4 to 5 mm. long, with 
suborbicular bodies abruptly contracted to slender conspicuous loosely 
ascending or spreading beaks. — Massacuusetts, Reading, June 14, 
1883 (0. E. Perkins); Fresh Pond, Cambridge, June 8, 1887 (W. 
Deane) ; near Spot Pond, and north end of Doleful Pond, Stoneham, 
May 30, 1894, near Bear Hill, Stoneham, June 5, 1894 (Wm. P. Rich) ; 
Amherst (Z. Tuckerman): Connecticut, Newington, May, 1879 (Chas. 
Wright). In its elongate loose brown spikes and subulate- or awn- 
tipped narrow scales clearly an extreme form of C. tenera, although the 
perigynia when well developed suggest those of O. festucacea. 
= = Perigynia with broadly ovate to suborbicular bodies, more than half as 
broa 
a. Perigynia 5.7 to 7.7 mm. long. 
13. C. Bickne.un, Britton. — Figs. 37 to 40.—Culms comparatively 
stout, 4 to 9 dm. high, smooth except at summit: leaves ascending, 
rather short and firm, 2 to 4.5 mm. broad: spike of 3 to 7 silvery brown 
or greenish ovoid obovoid or subglobose approximate .or slightly remote 
spikelets 8 to 14 mm. long: perigynia ascending, the tips becoming con- 
spicuous, broadly wing-margined, when mature almost translucent and with 
about 10 nerves on either face. — Britton, |. c. 360, fig. 874. C. stra- 
minea, var. Orawet, Boott, 1. c. 121, t. 388; Bailey, Bull. Torr. Cl. xx. 
422; Howe, |. c. C. straminea, var. Meade?, Boott, 1. c. t. 389; Gray, 
