FERNALD. — CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 479 
1. c.; Howe, l. co. 44. C. adusta, Boott, Ill. iii. 119, in part, t. 381, 
382, fig. 1; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 580; Macoun, 1. c. 129, in part (excel. 
syn.) — Commoner than the species. NEWFOUNDLAND to MANITOBA 
and Vireinia. June—Aug. 
b. Spike with approximate or subapproximate brown or ferrugineous spikelets. 
19. C. teportna, L. — Figs. 58 to 60.— Culms stiff and ascending, 
2 to 8 dm. high: leaves mostly short and rather firm, 1.5 to 4 mm. 
broad: spike from subglobose to cylindric, of 3 to 6 obovoid to oblong- 
ovoid ascending spikelets 8 to 1.4 mm. long: perigynia 3.8 to 4.5 mm. 
long, 1.8 to 2.3 mm. broad, ascending. — Sp. 973, & Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 
326 (excl. cit. Fl. Lapp.); Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 228; Reich. Ic. Fl. 
Germ. viii. t. 211; Anders. Cyp. Scand. 63, t. 4, fig. 26; Boott, 1. c. 
iv. 190; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 
622; Britton, 1. c. 356, fig. 864; Meinsh. Acta Hort. Petrop. xviii. 
324. (C. ovalis, Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 148; Eng. Bot. t. 306; Vahl. 
Fl. Dan. vii. t. 1115; Host, Gram. i. 39, t. 51; Willd. 1. c. 955; 
Schkuhr, 1. c. 20, t. B, fig. 8. — Europe and Asta: NeEwFOUNDLAND, 
shores of Quiddy Viddy Lake, Aug. 2, 1894 (Robinson & Schrenk): 
Nova Scorra, Yarmouth, July 22,1896 (#. Brainerd): Matnz, low, 
rocky pasture, South Berwick, June 23, 1898 (J. C. Parlin, no. 959); 
hillside pastures, East Parsonsfield, July 4, 1900 (J. F. Collins & M. 
L. Fernald): New Hampesnurre, dry hillsides, Alstead, July 9, 1901 
(Ml. L. Fernald); Gap Mt., Troy, June 13, 1898 (Z. L. Rand § B. L. 
Robinson, no. 508): Massacuusetts, Essex Co., Aug. 23, 1881 (W. 
P. Conant); Long Island, Boston Harbor, July 6, 1871, July 1, 1873 
(Wm. Boott); Nobscot Hill, Framingham, June 14, 1901 (MZ ZL. 
Fernald); Purgatory Swamp, Dedham, June 23, 1878 (Z. & C. £. 
Faxon): New Yorx, slopes of Bald Mt., north of Fulton Chain, 
Herkimer & Hamilton Cos.,. Aug. 12, 1895 (J. V. Haberer, no. 1103) 
New Jersey, ballast ground, Camden, 1878 (Jsaac Burk). Doubtless 
introduced at the latter station, but perhaps indigenous northward. , 
= = Inner face of perigynia nerveless or only slightly nerved at base (excep- 
tional individuals of C. leporina might be sought here). 
a. Ellipsoidal spikelets brownish-white: the appressed perigynia golden-yellow 
at base. : 
20. C. xerantica, Bailey.— Figs. 61, 62. — Culms stiff, scabrous 
above, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves short, mostly near the base, 2 or 3 mm. 
broad: spike linear-cylindric, of 3 to 6 distinct ascending spikelets 8 to 
