492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 
= = Spikelets remote, the uppermost strongly divaricate-pedunculate; the lower- 
most subtended by a long leaf-like bract: perigynia beaked. 
36. C. TRIspeRMA, Dewey. — Figs. 131, 182.— Culms almost fili- 
form, 2 to 7 dm. long, usually much overtopping the soft narrow (0.5 to 
2 mm. wide) leaves: the 2 or 3 spikelets, 2- to 5-flowered; the finely 
many-nerved perigynia 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long, 1.6 to 1.8 mm. broad, 
slightly exceeding the ovate-oblong pale obtuse to mucronate-acuminate 
scale. — Am. Jour. Sci. ix. 63, t. 3, fig. 12; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 213; 
Schwein. & Torr. 1. c. 311; Carey, 1. c. 543; Boott, 1. c. i. 29, t. 74; 
Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 144; Macoun, 1. ¢. 122; Britton, 1. ¢. 
353, fig. 855; Howe, 1]. c. 835. —— Mossy woods and bogs, NeEwFrounD- 
LAND and LABRADOR to SASKATCHEWAN, south to northern PENNSYL- 
VANIA, On10, MicuiGan, and Nepraska (according to Webber), and in 
the mountains to Garrett Co., Marytanp. Ascending to 770 m. in 
the New England mountains. June—Aug. 
++ ++ Perigynia 1.2 to 1.5 mm. long, nerveless, with a very short broad truncate 
beak, or beakless: culms wiry: spikelets 8 to 5, closely flowered, in 4 
greenish-brown or straw-colored linear spike. 
37. C. elachycarpa. — Figs. 133, 1384. — Tufted, the stiff slender 
culms 3 or 4 dm. high, strongly scabrous above, longer than the soft 
narrow (1 to 2 mm. broad) green leaves: spike 0.6 to 1.5 em. long; 
the appressed ascending narrowly ovoid approximate or slightly remote 
spikelets 3 to 6 mm. long: perigynia oblong, plump, smooth and nerveless, 
subtruncate at base, shorter than the oblong-ovate acuminate dull-brown, 
green-ribbed scales. —Matne, wet sandy river bank, Fort Fairfield, June 
29, 1899 (MM. P. Cook, FE. L. Shaw & M. L. Fernald). A unique 
plant, in maturity strongly suggesting an immature slender form of C. 
echinata, or the little-known C. helvola, Blytt, which, however, have 
very different perigynia. 
+ + Perigynia broadly elliptic to suborbicular: spikes mostly tinged with 
brown. 
++ Terminal spikelet with conspicuous clavate sterile base : perigynia rather 
abruptly contracted to the slender beak. 
= Spikelets mostly distinct, the lowest 4 or 5 mm. thick. 
38. C. Norvecica, Witt. — Figs. 135, 136. — Glaucous and freely 
stoloniferous ; culms smooth and soft, 1 to 4.5 dm. high, mostly over- 
topping the soft flat rather narrow (1 to 2.5 mm. broad) leaves: spike 
