494 ~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 
Spec. iv. 251; Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 24, t. Aaa, fig. 97; Anders. 
l. c. 62, t. 4, fig. 31; Torr. 1. c. 396; Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2, 
iv. 344; Boott, l. c. 153, t. 494; Fl. Dan. xiv. 8, t. 2430; Bailey, 
Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 146; Macoun, 1. c. 127; Britton, 1. c. 353, fig. 
854; Meinshausen, Acta Hort. Petrop. xviii. 325.— Arctic regions of 
both hemispheres, extending south in America along the coast of 
LapBrapor to QureBec, Bonne Esperance (Allen), Watsheeshoo (<t. 
Cyr, hb. Geol. Surv. Can. no. 16,524), and Tadousac (Kennedy), 
Saguenay Co. ; Pointe des Monts (Bell) and Grand Etang (JMacoun, hb. 
Geol. Surv. Can. no. 30,413), Gaspé Co.: also on the coast of ALASKA. 
June-Aug. 
é Plant stiff and upright, with flat leaves. 
40. C. tacopina, Wahlenb. — Figs. 139, 140. — Culms obtusely 
angled, mostly erect, smooth except at tip, 1 to 4 dm. high, more or less 
exceeding the narrow (1 to 3 mm. wide) leaves: spike from cylindric to 
globose, 1 to 2.5 em. long, with 3 to 6 ascending spikelets mostly larger 
than in the last : perigynia brown or reddish-brown, from elliptic-lanceolate 
to broadly obovate, rather abruptly beaked, 2.5 to 3.8 mm. long, 1.5 to 
1.9 mm. wide, exceeding the ovate obtuse white-margined fuscous scales. 
— Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. xxiv. 145, & Fl. Lapp. 229; Gay, Ann. 
Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, xi. 177; Drejer, Rev. 25; Anders. 1. c. 63, t. 4, fig 
28; Reichenb. l.c. t. 204, fig. 543; Torr. 1. c. 393; Boott, Ill. iv. 189; 
W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Calif. ii. 233; Bailey in Coulter, Man. Rocky 
Mt. Reg. 395, & Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 145; Britton, 1. ¢. 353, (fig: 
uncharacteristic); Meinsh. 1. ¢. (C. leporina, L. Spec. 973, in part 
(cit. Fl. Lapp.) ; Oeder, Fl. Dan. ii. 9, t. 294; Willd. Spec. iv. 229; 
Schkuhr, Riedgr. Nachtr. 17, in part (excl. t. Fff, fig. 129); Host, 
Gram. iv, 45, t. 80; Eng. Bot. Supp. iii. t. 2815. C. Lachenalit, 
Schkuhr, Riedgr. 51, t. Y. fig. 79. C. approximata, Hoppe, ex DC. Fl. 
Fr. vi. 290. C. parviflora, Gaud. Etr. FI. 84, ace. to Boott.  C. furva, 
Webb, Iter Hisp. 5.— Arctic and alpine regions of Europe and Asta: 
GREENLAND: Arotic AMERICA, rarely south to Mt. Albert, Gaspé Co. 
QueBec, the mountains of CoLorapo, and northern CALIFORNIA. 
June—Ang. 
++ ++ Terminal spikelet ovoid or subglobose, not conspicuously clavate at base: 
perigynia tapering gradually to the tip: culms sharply angled and harsh, 
upright, the 2 to 5 spikelets crowded at the tip: leaves flat. 
41. C. HELEONASTES, Ehrh. — Figs. 141, 142. — Culms 1.5 to 3.5 
cm. as stiff, usually overtopping the erect narrow (1 or 2 mm. wide) 
