504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 
ana, DC. FI. Fr. vi. 298. C. varia, Authors, incl. Boott, Ill. 1. ¢. 
97, in part, not Muhl. C. varia, var. pedicellata, Dewey, Am. Jour. 
Sci. xi. 163, in part. C. varia, var. minor, Boott, l.c. t. 289. C. 
communis, in part, and var. Wheelerit, Bailey, Mem. Torr. Cl. i. 41. 
C. pedicellata, in part, and var. Wheeleri, Britton, Mem. Torr. Cl. 
v. 87, 88.—JIn dry soil, New Brunswick to British CoLuMBIA, 
Norta Caroxina, On1o and Wisconsin: common in EUROPE. 
Var. LONGIBRACTEATA, Lange. Coarser; the inflorescence often 
5 to 8 cm.,long, the usually fuller and longer pistillate spikelets remote, 
the lowest 1.5 to 4 cm. apart: perigynia larger, more ellipsoid or 
spindle-form, with longer beak. — Haandb. Dansk. Fl. 621, & FI. Dan. 
xvii. 12, t. 3050; Kneucker, Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. (1898) 128. C. 
varia, Authors, in part, incl. Boott, 1. c. t. 288, not Muhl. C. varia, 
var. pedicellata, Dewey, |. c., in part. C. saxumbra, F. A. Lees, 
Jour. Bot. xix. 25. C. pilulifera, var. Leesii, Ridley, Jour. Bot. xix. 98, 
t. 218. C. communis, Bailey, 1. c. in part. C. pedicellata, Britton, 
1. c. in part. — New Brunswick to Iowa and Grorera: rare and 
local in northern Europr. 
CAREX PENNSYLVANICA. 
Carex pennsylvanica, Lam., is one of the widest-distributed of the 
North American Carices, and as one of the earliest-flowering it is per- 
haps better known to the general botanist than any of the other species. 
In the length and breadth of its leaves, the comparative height of its 
culm, etc., the plant shows considerable variation, and many formal 
varieties have been based upon these characters. But since they are 
all of a purely vegetative nature, often produced in a colony of the 
species by changes of ecological conditions, none of these variations 
seem to the writer of sufficient constancy to merit recognition as more 
than trivial forms. The color of the spikelets, also, a character too 
commonly relied upon to separate C. pennsylvanica from the closely 
related C. pilulifera, L. (C. communis, Bailey), is not to be accepted 
as final, since C. pennsylvanica, ordinarily characterized by dark reddish 
brown scales, may often have them pale or even straw-colored when 
growing in deep shade. Furthermore, C. pilulifera in northern Europe 
as well as in America is frequently found with dark red scales, especially 
when growing in very sunny or exposed situations. The simplest means 
of distinguishing C. pennsylvanica from its nearest common ally is in 
its stoloniferous character; for when well developed the plant produces 
