and Old World Birches. 191 
pubescens, € car ‘patica, Regel in DC., 1. ¢. 168 (1864). B. 
odorata, var. carpatica, Lange, Haandb., ed. 3, 708 (1864). 
DINAVIA to GERMANY, Ausrria and Russia. (PI. V, figs. 13-14.) 
B. penputa, Roth, Fl. Germ. i, 405 (1788). B. verrucosa, 
Ehrh., Beitr. vi, 98 (1791). B. alba, var. verrucosa, Wallr., 
Sched, Crit., 495 (1829). B. alba, var. vulgaris, Spach, l. ¢; 
186 (1841). B. odorata, Reichenb., Te. Fl. Germ., xii, fig. 
1288 (1850), not Bechst. B. gummifera, Bertol., Fi. It., x, 
229 (1854). B. alba, subsp. verrucosa, a, vulgaris and 6, 7esin- 
we (in part), Regel in DC., 1. ¢. 163, 164 (1864). B. kenaica, 
H. Evans, Bot. Gaz. , xxvii, 481 (1 899), in part. B. alas- 
kana, Sargent, ae Gaz., xxxi, 236 (1901), mostly.—QueEBEc to 
Inurots, ALBER A, Mackenzie and Axaska; Europe and Asia, 
pera disteibuted (Pl. V, figs. 15-18 ; Pl. VI, figs. 19-22.) 
DULA, var. JAPONICA, Rehder in Bailey, Cyc. Am. 
Yor i, 159 (190 0). B. japonica, Siebold, Verh. Batav. Gen. 
xii, 25 (183 0). LB. latifolia, Tausch, FI. Ratisb, 751 (1838). 
alba, subsp. verrucosa, § resinifera, Regel in DC., l. c. 164, 
In part; subsp. mandshurica and latifolia, Regel, ‘1. e. 165 
(1864). B. kenaica, W. H. pee 1. c. (1899), mostly. 2B. 
alaskana, Sargent, lie. (1901), in part.—Sunearra to Japan, 
north to the Yenisei River, Ee and KamrTscHaTKA ; east 
to Peel River and Fort Simpson, Mackernzig, and along the 
ALASKA coast; and aperep on ‘ie coast of Washington 
Co., Marne (trees sterile). Pl. VI s. 23, 24.) 
B. PoPULIFOLIA, Marshall, ev ‘Ane 19 (1785). B. alba, 
var. en ge: Spach, Ann, Sci. Nat., ser. 2, ae ee (184 1). 
B. alba, subsp. populifolia, Regel, in DC., 1. ¢. 164 (1864).— 
Prince Epwarp Tecan to central Marne, oariwaent QUE- 
re and western New ey south mostly on the coastal plain 
0 
. MIOROPHYLLA, Bunge, St. Pétersb. Mém. Savans Etrang 
ii (1835), 606-—reprint, Fl. Alt. Suppl. 84. B. jest. 
Nutt., Sylva, i, 22, t. 7 (1842), not Hook. B. rhombifolia, 
Nutt., l. c. 24, t. 8, not Tausch. B. Aree var. cunerfolia, 
Regel, Mot. Bet. (1861) 35, t. 7, figs. 16-23. B. alba. subsp. 
soongorica, Regel, Bull. Soe. Im mp. Nat. Mose., vi, (1868)— 
reprint, Enum. Pl. Semenow (1869) 99. B. Fontinalis, Sar- 
gent, Bot. Gaz. xxxi, 23 (1901).-In the mountains from 
LASKA to northern CALirorNiA, SASKATCHEWAN, SoutH Da- 
Kora, and New Mexico; Arrar and Tyan Suan Mrs., central 
Asia, (Pl. VI, figs. 25-32.) 
B. wana, L., var. Mionauxn, Regel, Mon. Bet. (1861), 49. 
re Michausett Spa ch, l.e 195 (184 1). “Apterocar on Michauxii, 
Os Lotos, v (1855), 258——Hvpsoy Bay, Lasrapor and 
EWFOUNDLAND. (PI. VI, figs. 47, 48.) 
