238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 
They are neither so numerous nor conspicuous as in the tropical parts of 
continental America, and it may be noticed that the climbers of the 
Galapagos Islands are herbaceous, the true woody liana, so common in 
tropical jungles, being almost unknown upon these islands. 
Epiphytes occur only at the higher altitudes and are neither abundant 
nor showy. ‘Their ecological class is chiefly represented by one TZilland- 
sia, one Epidendrum, and several Peperomiae. Of phanerogamic para- 
sites there are four species of Phoradendron and two of Cuscuta. 
The phanerogams of the Galapagos Islands have prevailingly small 
and inconspicuous flowers, although exceptions are not infrequent. It is 
also worthy of remark that the flowers are in most cases regular and of 
a rather simple structure. Zygomorphic flowers are not numerous, and 
even in such genera as Hpidendrum, Salvia, etc., where zygomorphy is 
universal, the Galapageian species show this trait only moderately devel- 
oped. Similarly, flowers with other highly developed mechanisms for 
securing cross-pollination seem to be very rare in the islands. Fruits 
with hook apparatus or spines to aid their distribution by mammals are 
found in Cenchrus, Tribulus, Acanthospermum, Bidens, and Lecocarpus ; 
but by the decided reduction in the spines of most of the species of 
Cenchrus, and in a variety of Tribulus cistoides, as well as in Acantho- 
spermum microcarpum, it is easy to remark a tendency toward abortion 
in this apparatus, — a fact readily explained by the paucity of indigenous 
mammals. Of course the settlement of the ‘islands has brought intro- 
duced mammals in considerable quantity, but it is too recent to have had 
a perceptible influence in this matter. 
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AFFINITIES OF THE FLORA. 
The flora of the Galapagos Islands is almost wholly American in char- 
acter. It contains, it is true, a very few plants which are not found in 
America. Thus a slight relationship to the flora of the Hawaiian 
Islands might be inferred from the genus Lipochaeta, of which one 
species is Galapageian and the others Hawaiian. There is also a report 
ofa Vigna common to the Hawaiian Islands, the Galapagos, and Chili, 
—a matter which I have been unable to verify. Jpomoea campanulata 
of the East Indies and Malayan Archipelago occurs on the Galapagos 
Islands, but not to my knowledge upon the continent of America. This 
is probably a chance introduction. Several species of the Old World, 
such as Vitis vinifera, mentioned by Caruel (1), 623, Brassica campes- 
tris, B, Sinapistrum, and Raphanus sativus, are of course relics of 
cultivation or introduced weeds. Hleocharis fistulosa, ascribed by Caruel 
