272 THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY 



tions, the deviations of such organisms must still be regarded 

 as indirect results of functional adaptations. We must say 

 that in all cases, adaptive change of function is the primary 

 and ever-acting cause of that change of structure which con- 

 stitutes variation ; and that the variation which appears to 

 be " spontaneous," is derivative and secondary. 



