314 Geological Society : — 



April 24th.— Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. ' On the Shingle Beds of Eastern East Anglia.' By Sir Henry 

 H. Howorth, K.C.I.E., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S. 



The author has carefully examined the country around Southwold, 

 where the beds known as Westleton Beds (which might well have 

 been associated with the name of Southwold) are developed. He 

 alludes briefly to the recent shingle, whose pebbles are derived from 

 the ancient shingles of the cliffs ; the formation of this shingle, he 

 maintains, may belong to a time not far removed from our own day. 



Turning to the Westleton Beds, he notices that they are essentially 

 4 drifts,' the component pebbles not having been shaped on the spot, 

 but brought as pebbles from elsewhere ; and he gives reasons for 

 supposing that they were derived from pebbly beds in the Lower 

 London Tertiary group and in the Bed Crag. He also maintains 

 that the shells of the Westleton Beds and Bure Yalley Beds are 

 derived from Crag deposits. Reasons are given in the paper for 

 supposing that the pebbles of the Westleton shingle of East Anglia 

 came from the west, and that this moved eastward from the plateau 

 of Suffolk towards the sea. It is considered that these beds can 

 only be explained by a tumultuous diluvial movement. 



2. ' Supplementary Notes on the Systematic Position of the Tri- 

 lobites.' By H. M. Bernard, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. 



3. ' An Experiment to illustrate the Mode of Flow of a Yiscous 

 Fluid.' By Prof. W. J. Sollas, D.Sc, LL.D., F.B.S., F.G.S. 



The author, recognizing that it is by a knowledge of the laws of 

 viscous flow that we must seek to extend our information concern- 

 ing the movements of flowing ice, conducted an experiment, the 

 details of which are described in the paper, with a model of a glacier 

 composed of the modification of pitch usually known as ' cobbler's 

 wax.' In the model the pitch moved under its own weight over 

 the horizontal floor of a trough, which was crossed by a barrier 

 to represent an opposing mountain or the rising end of a lake. The 

 results of the experiment showed that the movement of the pitch- 

 glacier was not confined to that portion of it which rose above the 

 barrier, but extended throughout its mass, and that an upward as 

 well as forward movement took place as the barrier was approached. 

 Thus the transport of stones by glaciers from lower to higher levels 

 was by no means an incredible phenomenon, but a necessary con- 

 comitant of such simple conditions as those assumed in the ex- 

 periment. 



