Radiolarian Rocks in the Culm Measures of Devon* 317 



2. ; Geological Notes of a Journey round the Coast of Norway 

 and iuto Northern Russia.' By G. S. Boulger, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S. 



The author accompanied the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expe- 

 dition as far as Archangel, and returned by way of the Biver Dvina. 

 His observations relate mainly to four points: — the origin of the 

 foliation of the Norwegian gneiss ; the question of raised beaches on 

 the North-western coast of Norway ; the boulders and boulder- 

 formation of Northern Eussia ; and the Trias of the Dvina valley. 



Between Christiansund and Tromso the author was struck with 

 the wide-sweeping folds of the foliation-planes of the gneissose 

 rocks, which appeared to him more readily explicable on a theory 

 of dynamo-metamorphism of rocks originally in part igneous, than 

 by any process of diagenesis. He notes that the terraces observed in 

 the transverse fjords would be perfectly explained by the formation 

 of ice-dammed lakes, though the terraces of the Gulf of Onega 

 seemed less dubious raised beaches than those of the North-west of 

 Norway. He confirms the views of previous writers that many of 

 the boulders of the boulder-formation of Northern Eussia are of 

 Scandinavian origin. The beds on the Dvina consist of sands and 

 loams, often coloured red, with bands of alabaster and anhydrite. 

 The strata are horizontal or inclined at a low angle. North of 

 Ustyug Yeliki the strata are marked as Permian on the Eussian 

 maps, and those to the south as Trias, but the author saw no per- 

 ceptible break in the succession. 



8. ' On some Foraminifera of Ehaetic Age, from Wedmore in 

 Somerset.' By Frederick Chapman, Esq., F.E.M.S. 



June 5th.— W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., 



Vice-President, in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. 'On a well-marked Horizon of Eadiolarian Eocks in the 

 Lower Culm Measures of Devon, Cornwall, and West Somerset/ 

 By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D., F.G.S., and Howard Fox, Esq., 

 F.G.S. 



In the Lower Culm Measures the basal Posidonomya-heds and 

 the Waddon Barton beds with Goniatites spiralis consist of fine 

 shales with thin limestones, and above these are the beds which 

 form the subject of the present paper. The Upper Culm Measures 

 consist of conglomerates, grits, sandstones, and shales, with occa- 

 sional beds of culm. There is evidence of the partial denudation 

 of the Eadiolarian rocks during the accumulation of the Upper 

 Culm beds, as indicated by the presence of pebbles of the former in 

 the latter. 



The Eadiolarian Beds consist of a series of organic siliceous 

 rocks — some of a very hard cherty character, others platy, and yet 

 others of soft incoherent shales. They are spoken of as the Codden 

 Hill beds — a name applied to them by previous writers, though the 



