486 Mr. W. Sutherland on Molecular Force 



a value 2 x *9 for 2CH 2 , and 2*2 for the two terminal H 

 atoms, COO has a value 1*8, as against *9 for each CH 2 group ; 

 so that if the allowance to be made for displacing a terminal 

 H from a paraffin and attaching it to in OH is small, as it 

 probably is, then the value for (COOH) 2 will be about 

 1-8 + 2-2 + 1-8, that is 5'8: so for citric acid C 3 H 4 OH(COOH) 3 , 

 if we start from C 3 H 8 with the value 3x '9 + 2*2 we have to 

 add 3 x 1*8 for the substitution of COOH for H three times, 

 and 1*3 for the substitution of OH for H, giving a total of 

 11*6 ; so for glycerine C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 the value of C 3 H 8 is 4*9, 

 and three substitutions of OH for H cause an addition of 3 '9, 

 yielding the total 8*8; so for tartaric acid C 2 H 2 (COOH) 2 (OH) 2 

 the value is 4 + 3*6 + 2*6, that is 10'2. Mannite C 6 H 8 (OH) 6 

 and dextrose C 6 H 6 (OH) 6 will have practically the same value 

 for (M 2 2 Z 2 )*, because the olefines have the same values as the 

 paraffins ; for C 6 H l4 the value is 6 x *9 -f 2*2, and six substi- 

 tutions of OH for H mean an increase of 7*8, so that the 

 total for mannite and dextrose is 15*4. In the case of cane- 

 sugar C 12 H 22 ll , if we start from C 12 H 24 with a value 

 12 X *9 -|- 2-2, after adding 14*3 for 11 substitutions of OH for 

 H we shall have to subtract a certain amount for the two sur- 

 plus H atoms ; this amount is unknown, and as being probably 

 small may be neglected, so that for C 12 H 22 0n we have 27*3. 



As a preliminary examination showed that the following 

 compounds have the same value for 



c( Pl Mi)M 2 (M 2 /p 2 )-^(M 2 2 / 2 )i 



as the metallic compounds of type NaCl, the equation used 

 for calculating c is (10), in which, according to Traube's 

 measurements, u l has the value 7*385. 



Table X. 



Oxalic Citric pi • Tartaric 



acid. acid. ' '. acid. 



p 2 -069 -17 -19 -184 



p 10337 1*0749 1-0403 10916 



a 7-307 7067 7-300 7-413 



l A a a,*/ft(AA)* »• 121 1>16 1,S2 136 



(M 2 2 / 2 )* 5-8 11-6 8-8 10-2 



74 7-5 9-6 7-8 



Mannite. Dextrose. Cane-sugar. 



p 2 -097 -171 -186 



p 10342 10G60 10778 



« 7443 7506 7478 



A«//P 2 (AA)* ». 1-76 1-66 1-56 



(M,%)* 15-4 15-4 27-3 



91 81 73 



