Spirorbis-Lime stone of Wyre Forest. 545 



in some places, as shown by Jurassic fossils in the East Anglian Chalky 

 Clay, and from east to west in others : in fact, that movement took 

 place in sporadic lines diverging from the Wash and the Pens. He 

 appeals to the amount of disintegration that has taken place to furnish 

 the material for the Clay, the shape of the stones in the Clay, and the 

 distribution of the Clay itself, as evidence against the action of land- 

 ice or icebergs, maintaining that there is no evidence of submergence 

 at the time the Clay was formed ; and criticizes the attempts made 

 to explain the formation of the Clay by water produced by the 

 melting of ice. 



The author believes that the denudation of the Fen country which 

 produced the great mass of the Chalky Clay with most of its boulders 

 was coincident with and caused by the bending and folding of the 

 Chalk of Eastern England, which took place after the deposition of 

 the Crag beds, and that during the period of folding a great depres- 

 sion was formed round the Wash, into which the water mshed from 

 the North carrying debris and mixing it with clays ; this, rushing 

 into what was virtually a cul-de-sac, dispersed and scattered its load 

 in all directions. 



4. * On the Occurrence of Spirorbis-TAme&tone and thin Coals in 

 the so-called Permian Rocks of Wyre Forest ; with Considerations 

 as to the Systematic Position of the " Permians w of Salopian Type.' 

 By T. Crosbee Cantrill, Esq., B.Sc.Lond. 



In South Staffordshire a thick series of red rocks — the so-called 

 Lower Permian — overlies the ordinary yellow and grey Coal Measures, 

 and underlies the Triassic rocks. They consist of sandstones, marls, 

 calcareous conglomerates, and breccias, having a general red or 

 purplish-red colour. 



Since Jukes's work was published, fresh sinkings have shown 

 that these red rocks must be regarded as of Upper Coal Measure 

 age, because their included fossils have an Upper Coal Measure 

 fades. The rocks contain bands of limestone characterized by the 

 presence of Spirorbis pusillus : those parts of the series which have 

 not yielded Coal Measure fossils are apparently similar lithologically 

 to those which have yielded them ; there is no stratigraphieal break 

 between the fossiliferous and unfossiliferous parts of the red series, 

 and the only marked breaks are at the base and summit of the 

 series, the break at the base being locally great but elsewhere 

 practically imperceptible. 



The evidence furnished by the deposits of the Forest of Wyre 

 ( = Enville) district also leads the author to regard the red rocks 

 associated with Sjoirorbis-limestone and coals as Upper Coal Measures, 

 exhibiting a gradual passing away of Coal Measure conditions and the 

 in-coming of those of New Bed Sandstone times ; and these passage- 

 beds must be regarded as much nearer the Coal Measure than the 

 Permo-Triassic end of the transitional period. 



So far as our present knowledge goes, the so-called Permian rocks 

 of Anglesey, Denbighshire, Lebotwood, Shrewsbury, Coalbrookdale, 



