96 ESTABLISHMENT OE A NATIONAL BOTANIC GARDEN. 



(Southern section.) Mixed flora groups of the United States of 

 America, with marshland. 



10. Four ray-shaped outer fields for beds for plant assortments 

 suitable for decorative landscape gardening, and places for two large 

 groups of southern cold-house plants. 



11. Characteristic overgreen groups of flora from southern Europe 

 and the Orient, in particular cold-house plants. 



12. Southern Europe, flora group 2. 



13. Flora group 3, of the Mediterranean countries and the Orient, 

 with conifers, rocky hills, etc. 



15. Border planting of deciduous material from southern central 

 Europe and the Caucasus. 



15. Mountain and Alps flora of central Europe. 



16. Hill and wood flora of central Europe. 



17. Field and marsh flora of central Europe. 



18. Central European deciduous material (conclusion) ; contain- 

 ing on its southern extremity a special section of the hill flora of 

 Saxony and Thuringia. 



19-27. Collection of plants which occur wild in Europe, northern 

 Asia, and America. 



28. Annual and biannuals in systematic arrangement. 



29. Plants suitable for commercial and food uses, and those hav- 

 ing curative properties ; also poison plants. 



30. Beds of the biological section. 



II. PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 



I, small iron cold house; II, hot; III, temperature culture house; 

 IV and V, smaller cooler culture houses. 



F, G, and H, domestic establishment and warehouses and gran- 

 aries. 



Border beds for cultivation of fruit and small garden and agricul- 

 tural beds and experiment sections. 



19. The Botanic Garden at Dahlem. 



[Extracts from Der Konigliche Botanische Garten und das Konigliche Botanische Museum 



y.n Dahlem.] 



1. " The functions of large botanic gardens and museums, with 

 articular reference to the botanic garden and museums at Dahlem." 

 y A. Engler. 



a. functions or a botanic garden. 



At first botanic gardens were established to collect as much plant 

 material as possible for instruction purposes, scientific study, and 

 for the edification of plant lovers. In this respect the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden early took a prominent place among the gardens of the Con- 

 tinent, particularly since the beginning of the administration of 

 Director Prof. Willdenow in 1801. 



That the functions of the Dahlem garden, firstly to gather ma- 

 terial for scientific study, are continued, and that they do not, as 

 many a formerly valuable garden did (from a scientific standpoint), 

 degenerate merely to the level of an amusement part, is due to its 



