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river to the mouth of the Dowagiac, are yet plainly visible from 

 the scouring, leveling and erosion of moraineic hills on the south, 

 and a chain of lakes and lake beds on the north, which are 

 connected by a gorge through the point with the glacial stream 

 mentioned above. And also at the head of the ice dam, which 

 passed well up above the mouth of the Dowagiac, where the 

 waters, pouring around it into the Dowagiac valley, exca- 

 vated an interrupted channel, or chain of depressions. These 

 depressions are linear, extending from northwest to southeast, 

 being from one-fourth to three-fourths of a mile long, twenty 

 to forty feet deep and from two hundred to four hundred yards 

 wide, with sharp and well-defined banks. They all show evi- 

 dences of having been filled with water for a long period of 

 time. All have become dry except the lower two, which con- 

 tain from twenty to thirty feet of water at present. This chan- 

 nel or chain of depressions extends from one mile north of 

 South Bend southeasterly to within one mile of Mishawaka, a 

 distance of four miles and a half, as shown on the accompanying 

 diagram. When the ice dam gave way, the waters abandoned 

 their circuitous routes and resumed their old channels, a part of 

 them at this time taking the route down the Kankakee and a 

 part of them up the Dowagiac valley. The fall the latter way 

 being three and a half times greater than the former, a channel 

 was soon eroded sufficient to carry the entire volume of water. 

 A bluff twelve to fourteen feet high, which commenced in the 

 form of a sandbar, the sediment for which was supplied by what 

 is known as Wenger creek, extending in a diagonal direction 

 across the Kankakee bed and parallel to the new current until 

 it reached the opposite bank, when the Kankakee valley was 

 sealed forever. 



The sandbar or bluff referred to is the shelf or hill extend- 

 ing diagonally through the city, upon which Tippecanoe Place 

 is situated. This ridge was originally built by sediment from 

 the creek, but was increased in height by erosion as the stream 

 cut into its bed. 



The swift current of the Dowagiac carried down large 

 quantities of gravel, and as the gravel-laden waters came in 



