ANCIENT GLACIERS. 107 



coloured than those to the north, showing that they have 

 been longer exposed to oxidising agencies. Even the 

 granitic boulders show the marks of greater age south of 

 this line, being disintegrated to a greater extent than 

 those to the north. 



5. And, finally, there occur, over a wide belt bordering 

 the so-called moraine hills of the second Glacial epoch, 

 extensive intercalated beds of vegetal deposits. Among 

 the earliest of these to be discovered were those of Mont- 

 gomery County, Ohio, where, in 1870, Professor Orton, of 

 the Ohio Survey, found at G-ermantown a deposit of peat 

 fourteen feet thick underneath ninety-five feet of till, and 

 there seem also to be glacial deposits underneath the peat 

 as well as over it. The upper portion of the peat contains 

 " much undecomposed sphagnous mosses, grasses, and 

 sedges, and both the peat and the clayey till above it " 

 contain many fragments of coniferous wood which can be 

 identified as red cedar {Juniper us Yirginianus). In nu- 

 merous other places in that portion of Ohio fresh-appear- 

 ing logs, branches, and twigs of wood are found under- 

 neath the till, or mingled with it, much as boulders are. 

 Near Darrtown, in Butler County, Ohio, red cedar logs 

 were found under a covering of sixty-five feet of till, and 

 so fresh that the perfume of the wood is apparently as 

 strong as ever. Similar facts occur in several other coun- 

 ties in the glaciated area of southern Ohio and southern 

 Indiana. Professor Collett reports that all over south- 

 western Indiana peat, muck, rotted stumps, branches, and 

 leaves of trees are found from sixty to one hundred and 

 twenty feet below the surface, and that these accumula- 

 tions sometimes occur to a thickness of from two to 

 twenty feet. 



Farther to the northwest similar phenomena occur. 

 Professor 1ST. H. Winchell has described them most par- 

 ticularly in Fillmore and Mower Counties, Minnesota, 

 from which they extend through a considerable portion of 



