136 MAX AXD THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



tant to the east. A monument celebrating the victory 

 stands upon a moraine hill about half-way between, at 

 Martino della Battaglie. 



In other portions of central and southern Europe the 

 mountains were too low to furnish important centres for 

 glacial movements. Still, to a limited extent, the signs 

 of ancient glaciers are seen in the mountains of the Black 

 Forest, in the Harz and Erzgebirge, and in the Carpathians 

 on the east and among the Apennines on the south. In 

 Spain, also, there were limited ice-fields on the higher por- 

 tions of the Sierra Nevada and in the mountains of Estre- 

 madura, and perhaps in some other places. In France, 

 small glaciers were to be found in the higher portions of 

 the Auvergne, of the Morvan, of the Vosges, and of the 

 Cevennes; while, from the Pyrenees, glaciers extended 

 northward throughout nearly their whole extent. The 

 ice-stream descending from the central mass of Maladetta 

 through the upper valley of the Garonne, was joined by 

 several tributaries, and attained a length of about forty- 

 live miles. 



The British Isles. 



During the climax of the Glacial period the Hebrides 

 to the north of Scotland were covered with ice to a depth 

 of 1,600 feet. How far westward of this it moved out 

 to the sea, it is of course impossible to tell. But in the 

 channels between the Hebrides and Scotland it is evident 

 that the water was completely expelled by the ice, and 

 that, from a height of 1,600 feet above the Hebrides to the 

 northern shores of Scotland, there was a continuous ice- 

 field sloping southward at the rate of about twenty-five 

 feet a mile. 



Scotland itself was completely enveloped in glacial ice. 

 Prevented by the Scandinavian Glacier from moving east- 

 ward, the Scotch movement was compelled to be westward 

 and southward. On the southwest the ice-stream reached 



