178 MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



ward the drift contains marine shells. Across the great 

 plain of Lancashire and Cheshire the ' marine ' drift is 

 fully developed — though it may be remarked in parenthe- 

 ses that it contains a shallow-water fauna, albeit ex liy- 

 pothesi deposited, in part at least, in a depth of 200 fath- 

 oms of water — and to the Welsh border at Frondeg, where 

 it again reaches a water-shed at an altitude of 1,450 feet; 

 but at 100 yards to the westward of the summit all traces 

 of subsidence disappear, and through the centre of Wales 

 no sign is visible ; then we emerge on the western slopes 

 at Moel Tryfaen, and they assume their fullest dimensions, 

 though only to finish abruptly on the hill-top, and put in 

 no appearance in the lower grounds which extend from 

 there to the sea. 



" The conclusions pointed to by the evidence (and, as I 

 have endeavoured to show, all the evidence which existed 

 at the close of the Glacial period is there still) are, that 

 a subsidence of the Yorkshire Wolds took place on the 

 east, but not in the centre or west ; that the Pennine Chain 

 was submerged on the western side to a depth of 1,400 

 feet, and on the east to not more than 300 feet, even on op- 

 posite sides of the same individual hill ; that all the low- 

 lands between, say, Bacupancl the Welsh border, were sub- 

 merged, and that the hills near Frondeg partook of this 

 movement, but only on their eastern sides ; that the cen- 

 tre of Wales was exempt, but that the summit of Moel 

 Tryfaen forms an isolated spot submerged, while the sur- 

 rounding country escaped. These absurdities might be 

 indefinitely multiplied, and they must follow unless it be 

 admitted that the phenomena are the results of glacial ice, 

 and that ice can move ' up-hill.' 



" The south of England certainly has partaken of no 

 movement of subsidence. A line drawn from Bristol to 

 London will leave all the true glacial deposits to the north- 

 ward, except a bed of very questionable boulder-clay at 

 Watchet, and a peculiar deposit of clayey rubble which 



