ANCIENT GLACIERS IN EASTERN HEMISPHERE. 181 



contains many examples, together with the ' mica-trap ' 

 of the Kendal and Sedbergh dykes and other local rocks, 

 but no shells or erratics from other sources than the 

 country draining into Morecambe Bay. To the south- 

 ward the ice which bore these rocks was deflected by the 

 great Irish Sea Glacier, and, so far as present information 

 enables me to state, the Shap granite blocks mark the 

 course of the medial moraine between these two ice-streams. 

 It has been found near Garstang, at Longridge, and at 

 Whalley, this being the exact line of junction of the Irish 

 Sea Glacier with the ice from Morecambe Bay and the 

 Pennine Chain. 



" It is a very remarkable and significant fact, that not 

 a single authentic occurrence of the rock across the bound- 

 ary indicated has yet been recorded." 



Northern Europe. 



On passing over the shallow German Sea from England 

 to the Continent, the southern border of the Scandina- 

 vian ice-field is found south of the Zuyder Zee, between 

 Utrecht and Arnhem — the moraine hills in the vicinity of 

 Arnhem being quite marked, and a barren, sandy plain 

 dotted with boulders and irregular moraine hills extending 

 most of the way to the Zuyder Zee. From Arnhem the 

 southern boundary of the great ice-field runs " eastward 

 across the Rhine Valley, along the base of the Westphalian 

 Hills, around the projecting promontory of the Hartz, and 

 then southward through Saxony to the roots of the Erzge- 

 birge. Passing next southeastward along the flanks of the 

 Riesen and Sudeten chain, it sweeps across Poland into 

 Russia, circling round by Kiev, and northward by Xijni- 

 INovgorod towards the Urals."* Thence the boundary 

 passes northward to the Arctic Ocean, a little east of the 

 White Sea. 



* A. Geikie's Text-Book of Geology, p. 885. 



