RELICS OP MAN IN THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 269 



2. Below this was a stalagmite floor from one to three 

 feet thick, formed by the dripping of lime-water from the 

 roof. 



3. Under this crust of stalagmite was a compact deposit 

 of red earth, from two to thirteen feet thick.* Flint im- 

 plements of various kinds and charcoal were also found at 

 different depths ; also an awl, or piercer ; a needle with 

 the eye large enough to admit small pack-thread; and 

 three harpoon - heads made out of bone and deer's 

 horn. 



4. Flint implements were also obtained in a conglom- 

 erate (breccia) still below this. The fossil bones in this 

 cave belonged to the same species of animals as those dis- 

 covered in a cave near Wells. 



The Brixham cave occurs near the small village of 

 that name, not far from Torquay. The entrance to it is 

 about ninety-five feet above high water. Its deposits, in 

 descending order, are : 1. Stalagmitic floor from six to 

 twelve or fifteen inches in thickness. 2. A thin breccia 

 of limestone fragments cemented together by carbonate of 

 lime. This had accumulated about the mouth, so as to 

 fill up the entrance. 3. A layer of blackish earth about 

 one foot in thickness 4. " A deposit of from two to four 

 feet thick, consisting of clayey loam, mingled with frag- 

 ments of limestone, from small bits up to rocks weighing 

 a ton. Bounded pebbles of other material were also occa- 

 sionally met with. 5. Shingle consisting of rounded peb- 

 bles largely of foreign material. 



All these strata, except the third, contained fossils of 

 some kind, but the fourth was by far the richest repository. 

 Among the bones found are those of the mammoth, the 

 woolly rhinoceros, the horse, the ox, the reindeer, the cave 

 lion, the cave hyena, and the cave bear. Associated with 



* Dawkins's Cave-Hunting, p. 326; Lyell's Antiquity of Man, 

 p. 101. 



10 



