RELICS OF MAN IN THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 275 



sembled that of the average Caucasian man. But this 

 established the association upon the Continent of man 

 with some of the extinct animals of the Glacial period. 



The vicinity of Liege has also furnished us another 

 cavern whose contents are of the highest importance, rank- 

 ing indeed as perhaps the most significant single discovery 

 yet made. The cave referred to is on the property of the 

 Count of Beauffort, in the commune of Spy, in the prov- 

 ince of Namur in Belgium. For the facts relating to it 

 we are indebted to Messrs: Lohest and Fraipont, the for- 

 mer Professor of Geology and the latter of Anatomy in 

 the University of Liege. The exploration of the cave was 

 made in 1886, and the full report with illustrations pub- 

 lished in the following year in Archives de Biologic* 

 The significance of this discovery is enhanced by the 

 light it sheds upon and the confirmation it brings to the 

 famous Neanderthal skull and others of similar character, 

 which for a long time had been subjects of vigorous dis- 

 cussion. Before describing it, therefore, we will give a 

 brief account of the previous discoveries. 



The famous Neanderthal skull was brought to light in 

 1857 by workmen in a limestone-quarry, near Diisseldorf, 

 in the valley of the Neander, a small tributary to the 

 Rhine. By these workmen a cavern was opeued upon the 

 southern side of the winding ravine, about sixty feet above 

 the stream and one hundred feet below the top of the cliff. 

 The skull attracted much attention from its supposed pos- 

 session of many apelike characteristics; indeed, it was 

 represented by some to be a real intermediate link between 

 man and the anthropoid apes. The accompanying cut 

 enables one to compare the outline of the Neanderthal 

 skull with that of a chimpanzee on the one hand and of 

 the highly developed European on the other. The ape- 

 like peculiarities of this skull appear in its vertical depres- 



* See pp. 587, 757. 



