276 



MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



Fig. 80.— Comparison of forms of skulls : a, Eu- 

 ropean ; b, the Neanderthal man ; c, a chim- 

 panzee (after Lyell). 



sion, in the enormous thickness of the bony ridges just 

 above the eyes, and in the gradual slope of the back part 

 of the head, together with some other characteristics which 

 can only be described in technical language ; so that it was 



pronounced by the 

 highest authorities 

 the most apelike of 

 human crania which 

 had yet been discov- 

 ered. Unfortunate- 

 ly, the jaw was not 

 found. The capaci- 

 ty of the skull, how- 

 ever, was seventy- 

 five cubic inches, 

 which is far above that of the highest of the apes, being 

 indeed equal to the average capacity of Polynesian and 

 Hottentot skulls.* Huxley well remarks that " so large a 

 mass of brain as this would alone suggest that the pithecoid 

 tendencies indicated by this skull did not extend deep into 

 the organization." 



Upon extending inquiries, it was found that the Nean- 

 derthal type of skull is one which still has representatives 

 in all nations ; so that it is unsafe to infer that the individ- 

 ual was a representative of all the individuals living in his 

 time. The skull of Bruce, the celebrated Scotch hero, 

 was a close reproduction of the Neanderthal type ; while, 

 according to Quatrefages, f the skull of the Bishop of 

 Toul in the fourth century " even exaggerates some of the 

 most striking features of the Neanderthal cranium. The 

 forehead is still more receding, the vault more depressed, 

 and the head so long that the cephalic index is 69-41." 

 The discovery of Messrs. Fraipont and Lohest adds 



* Huxley's Man's Place in Nature, p. 181. 

 f Human Species, p. 310, 



