278 MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



horse, the mammoth, the cave-bear, and the cave-hyena, 

 all of which were abundant, while there were also speci- 

 mens of the Irish elk, the reindeer, the bison, the cave-lion, 

 and several other species. In this layer also there were 

 numerous implements of ivory, together with ornaments 

 and some faint indications of carving upon the rib of a 

 mammoth, besides a few fragments of pottery. 



It was in the third, or lowest, of these beds that the 

 skeletons were found. Here they were associated with 

 abundant remains of the rhinoceros, the horse, the bison, 

 the mastodon, the cave-hyena, and a few other extinct 

 species. Flint implements also, of the " Mousterien " 

 pattern (which, according to the opinion of the French 

 archaeologists, is characteristic of middle palaeolithic times), 

 were abundant Neither of the skeletons was com- 

 plete, but they were sufficiently so to give an adequate 

 idea of the type to which they belong, and one of the 

 skulls is nearly perfect. According to M. Fraipont, " one 

 of these skulls is apparently that of an old woman, the 

 other that of a middle-aged man. They are both very 

 thick ; the former is clearly dolichocephalic (long-headed, 

 index 70), the other less so. Both have very prominent 

 eyebrows and large orbits, with low, retreating foreheads, 

 excessively so in the woman. The lower jaws are heavy. 

 The older has almost no projecting chin. The teeth are 

 large, and the last molar is as large as the others. These 

 points are characteristic of an inferior and the oldest- 

 known race. The- bones indicate, like those of the Ne- 

 anderthal and Naulette specimens, small, square-shoul- 

 dered individuals." They were " powerfully built, with 

 strong, curiously curved thigh-bones, the lower ends of 

 which are so fashioned that they must have walked with 

 a bend at the knees." * 



* Huxley, Nineteenth Century, vol. xxviii (November, 1890), 

 p. 774. 



