2S0 MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



and even in the Ural Mountains in Russia, and in one of 

 the provinces of Siberia, the remains of the rhinoceros, 

 and most of the other animals associated with man in 

 glacial times, have been found in the cave deposits which 

 have been examined. Though it can not be directly 

 proved that these animals were associated with man in 

 any of these places, still it is interesting to see how wide- 

 spread the animals were in northern Europe and Asia 

 during the Glacial period. 



Some northern animals, also, spread at this time into 

 southern Europe — remains of the reindeer having been 

 discovered on the south slope of the Pyrenees, but the 

 remains of the mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros, and the 

 musk ox, have not been found so far south. 



African species of the elephant, however, seem at one 

 time to have had free range throughout Spain, and the 

 hippopotamus roamed in vast herds over the valleys of 

 Sicily, while several species of pygmy elephants seem to be 

 peculiar to the island of Malta. 



In the case of all the cave deposits referred to (with 

 possibly the exception of those of Victoria, England, and 

 Cae Grwyn, Wales), the evidence of man's existence dur- 

 ing the Glacial period is inferential, and consists largely 

 in the fact that he was associated with various extinct 

 animals which did not long survive that period, or with 

 animals that have since retired from Europe to their 

 natural habitat in mountain-heights or high latitudes. 

 The men whose remains are found in the high-level river- 

 drift, and in the caverns described, were evidently not in 

 possession of domestic animals,- as their bones are con- 

 spicuous for their absence in all these places. The horse, 

 which would seem to be an exception, was doubtless used 

 for food, and not for service. 



If we were writing upon the general subject of the 

 antiquity and development of the human race, we should 

 speak here in detail of several other caves and rock shel- 



