RELICS OF MAN IN THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 283 



dwarf elephant, but four or five feet in height, has already 

 been referred to as having occupied Malta and Sicily ; and 

 still another species has been found in Malta, whose aver- 

 age height was less than three feet. An extinct species 

 (Elephas antiquns), whose remains are found in the river- 

 drift and in the lower strata of sediment in many caverns 

 as far north as Yorkshire, England, was of unusual size, 

 and during the Glacial period w T as found on both sides 

 of the Mediterranean. But the species most frequently 

 met with in palaeolithic times was the mammoth [Ele- 

 phas primigenius). This animal, now extinct, accom- 

 panied man in nearly every portion both of Europe and 

 Xorth America, and lingered far down into post-glacial 

 times before becoming extinct. This animal was nearly 



Fig. 85.— Celebrated skeleton of mammoth, in St. Petersburg museum. 



twice the weight of the modern elephant, and one third 

 taller. Occasionally his tusks were more than twelve 

 feet long, and curved upward in a circle. It is the car- 

 casses of this animal which have been found in the frozen 

 soil of Siberia and Alaska. It had a thick covering of 

 long, black hair, with a dense matting of reddish wool at 

 the roots. During the Glacial period these animals must 

 have roamed in vast herds over the plains of northern 



