RELICS OF MAN IN THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 297 



miles from Sonora. At the same meeting Mr. Becker 

 presented a pestle which Mr. Clarence King, the first 

 director of the United States Geological Survey, took with 

 his own hands out of undisturbed gravel under this same 

 lava deposit, near Tuttletown, a mile or two from the pre- 

 ceding locality mentioned. 



I was so fortunate, also, as to be able to report to 

 the Society at the same meeting the discovery, in 1887, 

 of a small stone mortar by Mr. C. McTarnahan, the as- 

 sistant surveyor of Tuolumne County. This mortar was 

 found by Mr. McTarnahan in the Empire mine, which 

 penetrates the gravel underneath Table Mountain, about 

 three miles from Sonora, and not far from the other locali- 

 ties above mentioned. The place where the mortar was 

 found is about one hundred and seventy-five feet in from 

 the edge of the superincumbent lava, which is here about 

 one hundred feet in thickness. At my request, this mor- 

 tar was presented by its owner, Mrs. M. J. Darwin, to the 

 Western Eeserve Historical Society of Cleveland, Ohio, 

 in whose collection it can now be seen. 



These three independent instances, each of them au- 

 thenticated by the best of evidence, have such cumulative 

 force that probably few men of science will longer stand 

 out against it. 



Associated with these discoveries, there is to be men- 

 tioned another, which was brought to my notice by Mr. 

 Charles Francis Adams in October, 1889. f This was a 

 miniature clay image of a female form, about one inch 

 and a half in length, and beautifully formed, which was 

 found, in August, 1889, by Mr. M. A. Kurtz, while boring 

 an artesian well at Nampa, Ada County, Idaho. The 

 strata passed through included, near the surface, fifteen 

 feet of lava. Underneath this, alternating beds of clay and 



f See Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, January, 1890, 

 and February, 1891. 



