SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA!^. 21 



very scanty during the hot season. That the people of the coast and islands 

 were extravagantly fond of ornaments is shown by the great abundance of 

 such articles made of shell, bone, stone, etc., found in the graves. Mr. 

 Bancroft states that "around Santa Barbara rings of bone or shell were 

 worn in the nose. At Los Angeles nasal ornaments were not the fashion. 

 The women wore cylinder-shaped pieces of ivory, sometimes as much as 

 eight inches in length, attached to the ears by a shell ring. Bracelets and 

 necklaces were made of ivory ground round and perforated, small pebbles, 

 and shells."* 



In the journal of the voyage of Cabrillo, under the date of October 

 17, 1542, it is mentioned "many canoes came to the ship from the populous 

 coast," and that the people "went clothed with skins, and wear their hair 

 very long and tied up with long strings to which are attached small daggers 

 of flint, bone, and wood." Mr. Bancroft also states that "they take much 

 pride in their hair, which they wear long. It is braided, and either wound 

 round the head turban-like or twisted into a top-knot; some tie it in a queue 

 behind." Dressing the hair in the form of a queue has prevailed extensively 

 throughout both North and South America, and it will be an interesting 

 study to ascertain the particular tribes having this custom, and their con- 

 nections. In ancient times it was a prevailing custom among the coast 

 Peruvians, who also wore false hair by which they extended their elaborate 

 braids, while "switches" of false hair, sometimes arranged over a skein of 

 large thread, helped to enlarge the queue. That it was also a common way 

 of wearing the hair among the ancient people of Missouri and Tennessee 

 is shown by its representation on some of the human-shaped vessels of 

 pottery. 



Bearing on this subject is a very interesting carving from Alaska, in 

 the Peabody Museum. This carving, which is in wood, represents a man 

 with the head held back by means of his long queue tied to the hands, which 



•Mention is here made of ivory, and it is possible that it was used to some extent for ornaments, 

 though, as far as I know, articles made of ivory have not been found in the graves. The bones of various 

 animals were used for ornaments, and it is very likely that the long hollow bones of birds were mistaken 

 for ivory, as might also have been the cylindrical perforated ornaments made of a large bivalve shell, as 

 they were highly polished. Beautiful beads of stone, both of fluor-spar and serpentine, have been found 

 in the graves. Several species of shells, particularly a small Olivella and the beautiful Haliotis, were 

 used for the manufacture of ornaments. 



