SOUTHERN CALIFOENIANS. 23 



in the graves and about the ancient dwelling sites, though there are several 

 patterns of implements found in the graves which have not been noticed by 

 writers who were early in contact with the Indians. Among these the per- 

 forated stones, now often mentioned as "weights to digging-sticks," although 

 as likely to have been used as heads to clubs and for other purposes, 

 similar to those found in many other parts of the world, represent implements 

 of this class ; as, also, do the singular hook-shaped stones of various sizes. 



Among- the prominent domestic utensils which were extensively made 

 and used down to a very recent pei'iod are the large stone mortars and 

 pestles, the soapstone cooking-pots and baking-stones, and the small, beau- 

 tifully made vessels of steatite and serpentine. It is now known that the 

 soapstone vessels, and probably many of the mortars, were made by the 

 tribes on the islands off Santa Barbara. The immense number of these 

 pots which have been found in the graves on the mainland indicate an 

 active trade between the islanders and the coast tribes, and it is very likely, 

 from the identity of articles from the graves in both places, that the people 

 were closely affiliated. 



The weapons included bows and arrows, knives of stone and bone, 

 and daggers and swords of stone, bone, and wood. The stone daggers or 

 lance-heads were beautifully made, and in perfection of workmanship are 

 probably among the finest of chipped implements found on the continent. 

 The swords or large knives were often made from the jaws of cetaceans, 

 and were efficient weapons, while those made of wood are said to have had 

 "edges that cut like steel." Bone awls, and drills or borers made of stone, 

 were extensively used and are often found in the graves, while rude stone 

 chisels were used in the manufacture of the large pots, mortars, etc. 



Mr. Reid and other writers, as quoted by Mr. Bancroft, state that 

 vessels used for holding liquids were made of rushes, and plastered outside 

 and in with bitumen or pitch. Fragments of such a vessel were found in 

 the burial place at Dos Pueblos by Dr. Yarrow. In this instance the vessel 

 was bottle-shaped, and had been roughly coated inside and out with as- 

 phaltum. 



Besides basket-work, which was an undoubted prehistoric art, nets and 

 woven fabrics are mentioned by the later writers as being made by the 



