10 INTRODUCTION. 



parts of the present State of Texas ; whilst the other keeping the west side of the 

 Colorado, descended towards the Gulf of California, and appropriated the regions near 

 the Village Indians of the Lower Colorado. These are the Pah-Utes. Still other 

 bands moved westward and southward and occupied Lower California. These are the 

 Cahuillos, between the San Gabriel and Santa Anna Bivers; and the Mission Indians, 

 namely the Kizhes of San Gabriel, the Netelas of San Juan Capistrano, and the Kechis 

 of San Luis Rey. Upon the basis of linguistic affinities the conclusion is inevitable 

 that both the Comanches and ISTetelas are the descendants of original migrants from 

 the valley of the Columbia." 



Mr Bancroft, in his work on the Native Races of the Pacific States,* 

 has separated these tribes of Southern California from the Shoshonees and 

 groups them with other tribes, under the geographical name of Southern 

 Californians; while in discussing their language in the third volume of his 

 work he classifies them under the Shoshonees, at the same time considering 

 that the tie is only "through their Sonora and Aztec connection," as pointed 

 out by Buschmann It is also of importance to notice here that the 

 Dieguenos, though living within the same region and of course included by 

 Mr. Bancroft in his group of Southern Californians, are by their language 

 united with the Yuma group, which includes the Yumas, Mojaves, Yampais, 

 and several other tribes, all east of the limits assigned by Mr. Bancroft to 

 the Californians. It is also well to mention here that the tribes of the 

 Peninsula, or Lower California, are placed by Mr. Bancroft in his geo- 

 graphical division of New Mexicans, which comprises the Apache family 

 in which are included the above tribes of the Yuma group that are not 

 located in California. 



From this network, only a small portion of which has been shown in 

 what has preceded, it is evident that the elements exist from which more 

 satisfactory conclusions will be reached when they are separated and ana- 

 lyzed, and that it may yet be possible to show whence many of the elements 

 going to make up the medley are derived. 



The great antiquity of Man in California, founded on the evidence 

 obtained by Prof. J. D. Whitney, which proves that man existed on the 

 Pacific coast at a period extending back at least to the time when animals 

 now* extinct lived on that coast, is one of the most important points in 

 relation to the subsequent mixture of races, as to this early race we must 



* Vol. i. 



