SOUTHERN CALIEOBNTANS. 9 



dance of subsistence in the valley of the Columbia, tending constantly to 

 a surplus of inhabitants, determined for this region a species of supremacy 

 over both North and South America, as the predominant centre of popula- 

 tion and the source from which perpetual streams of inhabitants would flow 

 so long as the family remained in its primitive condition. * * * All the 

 great stems of the Ganowanian family found upon the North American con- 

 tinent point their roots to the valley of the Columbia." * At first it seems as 

 if there were irreconcilable difficulties between the results of Mr. Morgan and 

 of those who have worked in other directions towards the same end, but, 

 though Mr. Morgan does erect a barrier that should check too hasty con- 

 clusions as to the Polynesian migration of comparatively recent times to 

 America, his reasons do not apparently conflict with that pre-Malayan 

 migration to which archaeological evidence leads by way of the same 

 Polynesian route afterward covered by the Malayan wave. Of this latter, 

 perhaps only a slight portion ever reached the eastern limits attained by its 

 predecessor. It must be remembered that Mr. Morgan's arguments can only 

 refer to tiibes and nations now existing. 



Relying on linguistic evidence, Mr. Morganf includes the tribes of 

 the southern portion of the State of California with the Shoshonee nations, 

 as follows: "1. Shoshonees or Snake Indians; 2. Bannacks; 3. Utahs of 

 the Colorado; 4. Utahs of Lower California; 5. Comanches." Under the 

 general term of "Utahs of Lower California," he embraces the Cahuillos, 

 Kechis, Netelas, and Kizhes; and states that — 



"There are reasons for believing that the Shoshonee migration was the last of the 

 series in the order of time, which left the valley of the Columbia and spread into other 

 parts of the continent. It was a pending migration at the epoch of European coloni- 

 zation. * * * The initial point of this migration as well as its entire course stands 

 fully revealed. Almost the entire area overspread, showing the general outline of a 

 head, trunk, and two legs, is still held by some one of the branches of this great stem. 

 Upon the south branch of the Columbia River the Shoshonees still reside; south of 

 them along the mountain waste of the interior are the Bannacks, a closely affiliated 

 people who occupy quite near to the headwaters of the Colorado. The mountains and 

 the rugged regions drained by the Upper Colorado and its tributaries are held by the 

 Utahs in several independant bands or embryo nations, who are spread over an area 

 of considerable extent. Here the original stream of this migration divided into" two 

 branches; one of them the Comanche turned to the southeast and occupied the western 



* Pa<*e 24-2. - t Page 251. 



