58 CHIPPED IMPLEMENTS. 



preceding forms. With the stem proportionately shorter, this form is quite 

 common throughout the length and breadth of the continent, and common 

 also in Europe. 



Figs. 4, 5, 17, and 22, Plate III, are additional examples of stemmed 

 arrowpoints, no other use seeming possible to which to put them. These 

 likewise do not show the same skill in their fashioning as compared with 

 the larger specimens of the same general outline, and are far ruder than the 

 triangular and leaf-shaped arrowheads of the same size found associated 

 with them. Fig\ 4 is the most accurately finished of the series, and un- 

 usually small for specimens of that pattern. The material of which all 

 these examples are made is apparently identical with the jasper of the 

 Eastern and Middle States, and varies but little in color, Figs. 4 and 5 being 

 bluish-green, the others a slightly mottled black. Dr. Yarrow has had in 

 his possession black obsidian arrowpoints, similar to Fig. 4, from the Pah 

 Vant Indians in Southern Utah, but they were probably made years ago, 

 as it is well known that modern Indians use arrowpoints of stone picked 

 up in different places. 



Figs. 18 to 26, exclusive of Figs. 22 and 23, of Plate III, represent 

 specimens that perhaps can be best described by the somewhat vague term 

 of "chipped flints." They are noticed here as being in many respects closely 

 allied to the arrowheads proper, and because they were probably used as 

 such, or may have been ' ' failures." The edges are not sufficiently sharp to sug- 

 gest a cutting tool, and the points bear evidence of being blunt from use 

 rather than from being so chipped. Arrowheads equally as unsymmetri- 

 cal and carelessly chipped are figured in the works of both American and 

 European archaeologists, and the writer has gathered many of just such 

 specimens in New Jersey. They can scarcely be considered as unfinished, 

 as they are found singly, scattered wherever the more elaborately fashioned 

 ones occur, and are not at all like the "failures" found upon the former sites 

 of ancient arrow-maker's workshops. It seems probable that when found 

 singly, on the surface, they were made in the field to meet an emergency, 

 or were designed for occasions where the danger of loss was unusuallv 

 great. As the specimens here figured were taken froni ancient graves they 

 are very likely finished implements. 



