60 CHIPPED IMPLEMENTS. 



a handle of wood is still attached to each specimen. Fig. 4 would, I think, 

 if found without a handle, be unhesitatingly classed as a cutting implement, 

 the want of symmetry indicating such a use. Figs. 1 to 3 are of minimum 

 size as knives, as their availability, even for cutting skins, would be greatly 

 diminished if any smaller. These examples are not particularly regular in 

 outline, or otherwise well wrought, and certainly by no means exhibit the 

 same care that is so marked a feature of many of the arrowpoints proper. 

 These specimens were obtained near Santa Barbara and on Santa Cruz Isl- 

 and by Mr. Schumacher, and, with the exception of Figs. 3 and 6, are in the 

 National Museum. Fig. 3, from Santa Barbara, is in the Peabody Museum 

 (No. 13582), and Fig. 6, from Santa Cruz Island, is also in the Peabody 

 Museum (No. 13583). Figs. 5 and 6 are exceptionally well wrought, Fig. 

 5 being made of white quartz, and more acutely pointed than any of the 

 accompanying specimens. If not attached to the handle the blade would 

 be doubtlessly classed as an arrowpoint. Fig. 7 is of jasper, and its shape 

 suggests the possibility of its being a spearpoint. These knives, as men- 

 tioned, are still attached to their original wooden handles, which are now 

 more or less entire, and are held in place by the use of asphaltum. They 

 are identical in every respect with the stone knives in the National Museum 

 obtained by Maj. J. W. Powell from the Pah-Ute Indians. It is a curious 

 fact that no stone knives with handles attached were found by Dr. Yar- 

 row's party at either La Patera or Dos Pueblos. Dr. Yarrow informs me 

 that he has seen a photograph of a knife, found by Mr. Bowers on the island 

 of San Nicholas, which differs from those figured on Plate IV in having a 

 flint point at each end of the redwood handle. 



As a substitute for the asphaltum used by the Californians to secure 

 the stone points to their handles, some other less durable substance was 

 probably used on the Atlantic coast, and has now wholly disappeared from 

 the specimens, especially as certain chipped flints that are believed to have 

 been knives, must, to have been available, have been securely attached to 

 handles of at least the size of these Pacific coast specimens, which measure 

 from four to six inches in length. 



Other than the hafted knives figured on Plate IV, are eleven specimens 

 that present a considerable range both in size and shape. 



