] 34 SMOKmG-PIPES OF STONE. 



I have referred as characteristic of those from California. Those of clay 

 are also of uniform diameter, but they are too small to have been avail- 

 able for smoking ; and yet do not appear to have been simply pipe-stems, 

 which they somewhat resemble. While, therefore, the stone tube, which 

 had a perforation of half an inch in diameter, may have been used as a pipe, 

 the clay specimens must have been for some other purpose. On the other 

 hand, an unquestionable pipe from New Jersey* is practically of the tubu- 

 lar pattern, inasmuch as the hole for the insertion of the stem is directly 

 opposite the main orifice, or mouth of the bowl. Pipes of this shape are 

 not uncommon in New Jersey, but the hole for the stem is, as a rule, in 

 the side of the bowl, near the base, and not through the latter. When 

 in the side the stem is at an angle, and we have the common eastern form; 

 when in the base, the bowl and 'stem are in line, and we have an excep- 

 tional form in the East, but which on the Pacific coast is the common form. 

 It may therefore be concluded, I think, that while tubular pipes are char- 

 acteristic of the California coast Indians, the smoking-pipes of the interior 

 and Atlantic coast tribes were of a very different pattern ; and that among 

 the relics of both occur certain tubes of stone, and in the interior, of clay 

 (and copper), which, while having- the general appearance of tubular 

 pipes, were in all probability used for other purposes, such as " medicine 

 tubes," for example, to which I have elsewhere referred in detail; and, 

 also, that pipes in no way distinguishable from those obtained at Santa 

 Barbara were also in occasional use among other and far distant tribes.f 



* Smithsonian Animal Report for 1875, p. 341, fig. 179. 



tAmong the articles received by the Peabody Museum from the last exploration of the islands of 

 San Clemeute and Santa Catalina by Mr. Schumacher, are a number of these tubular pipes, most of 

 which are made from a different material from those found on the mainland. At first I thought that 

 these pipes were made from mixed clay, and should be classed as articles of pottery, but a careful exam- 

 ination shows that they are made from a natural clay-rock, which is of a red color and very soft. That 

 they were cut from a mass, and not formed by hand while the material was in a plastic state, is shown 

 by the condition of several unfinished and broken specimens. One of these red clay pipes is of large 

 size, measuring 9 inches in length, by 2i in diameter at the opening of the bowl. One of the smallest of 

 the lot shows signs of having been bored out in a different manner from the others, perhaps by a metallic 

 tool, and is only 2 inches long by 1J in diameter. Another, which is 1J inches long and not quite an 

 inch in diameter, has two grooves cut around, forming a rude ornamentation. With these is a small 

 pipe cut from steatite, and only 3 inches in length, which shows the peculiar circular lines within the 

 bowl, and equal diameter of the boring, that indicate a metallic tool. — F. W. P. 



