DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STONES. 167 



erals, was probably purposely produced as a finish. Others, however, as is 

 the case with the large specimens now under particular consideration, were 

 evidently burnished by long-continued rubbing while in use — such as 

 would be caused, for instance, by the stone being attached to a handle by 

 means of hide or leather whicli enclosed its pointed end ; and as the three 

 stones now before me have their most prominent or bulging part more or 

 less battered as if by use, while the polished portions are not injured, we 

 may have a good reason to regard these particular stones as club-heads. 

 The great uniformity of the four stones of which I have given the 

 measurements is also favorable to the theory that they were designed as 

 club-heads of an established form, while the amount of labor bestowed 

 upon them is against their use for inferior purposes. 



The next group to be considered consists of three cylindrical stones 

 with large perforations. One of these is of a hard material — probably 

 quartzite — and, like so many other examples, bears considerable polish at 

 one end and a slighter finish about the margin of the hole on the opposite 

 end. This implement is slightly over 2i inches thick, and is 3£ inches in 

 its transverse diameter. The sides are but slightly bulging, and as the 

 smallest diameter of the nearly parallel perforation is a little over an inch 

 and a quai-ter, they are nowhere over an inch in thickness. As in the 

 majority of the specimens, the hole was made by working from both ends 

 of the stone, and the central portion was afterwards considerably enlarged. 

 It is from the island of San Clemente, whence it was obtained with eigh- 

 teen others of different shapes by Mr. Schumacher, and is numbered 

 13521 in the Peabody Museum. There are no perceptible signs of bat- 

 tering on the surface, and while the worn and smooth sides at the nar- 

 rowest portion of the hole, which has been made slightly oval, apparently 

 show that it has been in long-continued use on a handle of some kind, 

 there is no more reason for considering it as a club-head than as a weight 

 for a digging-stick, if any of these stones were applied for the latter pur- 

 pose, as stated by the half-breed Indian to Mr. Schumacher. If, however, 

 we accept the theory that special wants of man will result in the use of 

 corresponding methods of supplying them among people of the same degree 

 of development living under similar conditions, we must accept the prob- 



