IMPLEMENTS AND WEAPONS MADE OF BONE AND WOOD. 



By C. C. Abbott and F. W. Putnam. 



The range of variation in the forms of implements made of bone, 

 wherever found, is much more limited than that of stone. As weapons, 

 with few exceptions, they were not so effective as similar forms chipped from 

 flint or obsidian. On the other hand, for certain purposes, bone was found 

 particularly well adapted; and for these, the world over, it has been largely 

 used. The articles made of bone represented by the collections from Dos 

 Pueblos and the adjacent islands, include nearly every form characteristic 

 of other localities, and embrace needles, awls, fish-hooks, harpoon-points, 

 knives, swords, and, also, a variety of ornaments. 



Figs. 1 to 3, Plate XI, represent three beautifully-wrought bone fish- 

 hooks, of a peculiar pattern, with sharp points and barbs. These hooks are 

 flattened, and are longer than wide. The outer, or convex, outline of the hook 

 is rounded, but the concave, or inner, line is flat and sharp at the angles. 

 Extending lengthwise with the straight portion, or shank, is a deeply-cut 

 groove for attaching the line. This was further secured by the liberal use 

 of asphaltum, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The barbs in these specimens 

 are, judged by fishermen of to-day, on the wrong side for a good fish- 

 hook, and the point is much too near the shank. By having the line so 

 fastened that the point of tension is at the notch at the base of the shank 

 (see Fig. 1), instead of at the extreme end of the stem, the defects of the 

 design of the hook would be somewhat remedied, as the barb would be 

 forced down, so that it might possibly catch itself in the lower jaw of the 

 fish that had taken the hook ; but, however used, although well made, it can 

 hardly be considered as a well-designed fish-hook. These specimens were 

 collected by Mr. Schumacher on Santa Cruz Island (S. I. 18188 and P. M. 

 13707). 



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