FISH-HOOKS. 223 



Bone fish-hooks of somewhat different patterns occur in various parts 

 of the world, as more rarely do similar hooks made of flint. Nilsson* fig- 

 ures a bone fish-hook from "one of the old peat-bogs in the south of Scania." 

 The barb in this specimen is on the inner side and near the point, and while 

 it is not finished more artistically than the California specimens, it is, cer- 

 tainly, a better fish-hook. 



Another interesting form of fish-hook, although made of shell, can be 

 appropriately noticed here. It was first discovered by Mr. Schumacher on 

 the island of Santa Cruz; and that gentleman has, in Vol. VIII of the 

 Archiv fur Anthropologic, given a description of the implement itself, and 

 also of the method of its manufactura It is made of the thick portions of 

 the shell of Haliotis, which are first cut into circular pieces of an inch or 

 more in diameter, and then perforated, the margin of the hole forming ulti- 

 mately the inside of the hook. This is then cut and rubbed into the required 

 shape, and that portion of the shell, between what is to form the shank and 

 the barb of the hook, is finally cut away, and the hook is made complete in all 

 its parts by polishing. In arranging the plate of ornaments of shell from 

 Dos Pueblos and La Patera, these fish-hooks were included, as they were at 

 first thought to be ornaments. Plate XII, Fig. 27, is a photographic repre- 

 sentation of a piece of shell after it was bored, and Figs. 24, 25, and 26, 

 three of the hooks of different sizes, and of slight variation in form. From 

 the later explorations by Mr. Schumacher and Mr. Bowers many speci- 

 mens of these shell fish-hooks have been received, illustrating the sev- 

 eral stages of their manufacture. The largest one is 2f inches in length 

 and 1 inch wide at the middle of the shank. This, with several smaller 

 specimens, came from Santa Catalina (P. M. 14846). Many specimens 

 were also obtained from the islands of San Clemente, San Miguel, and 

 Santa Cruz, and from the mainland about Santa Barbara, accompanied 

 by the stone implements used in their manufacture. 



A form of bone implement used in capturing fish and large marine 

 animals, and one which is found in many and widely separated coun- 

 tries, is the barbed harpoon-point, such as shown by Fig. 103. One of 

 this character, from which the figure is taken, was obtained by Mr. Schu- 



* Stone Age in Scandinavia, 2d ed., London, p. 21, plate 11, fig. 30. 



