226 IMPLEMENTS MADE OF BONE. 



fastened to the shaft, and in other instances they are fitted into sockets and 

 held to the shafts by strings. In some thirty specimens, principally from 

 Alaska, belonging to the Peabod)^ Museum, there are many varieties and 

 sizes of barbed points of bone with their accompanying shafts; and in 

 many instances the bai'bs are on one side only of the bone, though they 

 are often several in number. These bone points vary much in size, and 

 are from 1 to 6 or 7 inches in length. One bone implement 8 inches long, 

 which evidently once fitted into a socket, has a hole at its base for the 

 string, and is of special interest from the fact that it has three barbs on 

 each side, and also has the point of the bone tipped by a sharp point of 

 shell. To accomplish this the bone point was cut away so as to allow the 

 shell point to be firmly lashed, and at the same time to place the lashing 

 below the surface of the bone. Similar bone points are in the Museum, 

 and are like those described and figured in Mr. Dall's instructive memoir on 

 the "Tribes of the Extreme Northwest." There are also three long bone 

 points in the Museum from Terra del Fuego. Two of these bear a close 

 resemblance to two of the figures given by Mr. Dall. The rudest very 

 closely resembles Mr. Dall's No. 16063 with a single barb, while the second 

 has two barbs on each side ; and although at least twice the size of Mr. 

 Dall's 13023a, it is of the same pattern. The third is about 10 inches long, 

 and has thirteen barbs on one side. In the New England shellheaps there 

 have been found many small, pointed and barbed bones, which may have 

 been arrow-points, as they are very much like the arrow-points of bone 

 from the Northwestern coast. 



Bone was also largely used by the California Indians for certain do- 

 mestic implements ; and these, as has already been remarked, are in many 

 respects identical with implements of the same material found elsewhere. 

 Fig. 9, Plate XI, represents a very beautifully-wrought pointed bone, with 

 a double groove and triple collar at the head instead of a perforation or 

 eye, as if for the attachment of a thread. Articles of this character may 

 be sewing implements, and in that sense needles ; but they so closely ap- 

 proach what are apparently awls or perforators that it is difficult to dis- 

 sociate the two forms. This implement was found at San Miguel Island 

 (S. I. 18322). 



